FRANCISZEK MRÓZ
Pedagogical University of Kraków, Instytut Geografii, Faculty Member
- noneedit
- Socio-economic geographer born in 1975 in Przeworsk, an academic (Assistant Professor) at the Department of Tourism a... moreSocio-economic geographer born in 1975 in Przeworsk, an academic (Assistant Professor) at the Department of Tourism and Regional Research of the Institute of Geography at the Pedagogical University of Cracow. Lecturer at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow.In 2006 he received the title of Doctor of Earth Sciences (PhD) in geography based on a doctoral dissertation entitled Origins and Typology of Sanctuaries in Poland, written under the supervision of Professor Antoni Jackowski, PhD, of the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management at the Jagiellonian University. In 1999 he completed post-graduate studies in Częstochowa in the field of “Pilgrimages. Religious Tourism.”Consultant in the Migration, Tourism and Pilgrimage Council of the Polish Episcopal Conference. Member of Archicofradía Universal del Apóstol Santiago. Instructor of Polish cultural and regional studies. Chairman (during the period of 2012–2014) and currently Vice-Chairman of the Brotherhood of St. James in Więcławice Stare. Member of the Consultation Team for the preparation of the Action Plan for the development of religious tourism in Cracow until 2020, nominated by the Mayor of Cracow.His present research interests are concentrated on, for example, issues related to pilgrimages, religious and cultural tourism in Poland, origins and functioning of pilgrimage centres in Europe, and European cultural routes, especially Camino de Santiago – the Way of St. James. He is the author of more than 90 scientific publications and more than 50 popular science publications from this field as well as an editor of 12 collaborative publications.Since 2008, he has been the co-organiser of annual international scientific conferences devoted to the history and functioning of the Way of St. James in Europe.edit
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia (Lviv – Shehyni section) The research is devoted to the section of the Way of St. James, known as the Lviv Way of St. James Via... more
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia (Lviv – Shehyni section)
The research is devoted to the section of the Way of St. James, known as the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia. The examined section of the route is the first and only section of Camino de Santiago currently existing in Ukraine. A total length of the section of the Way of St. James marked along the way from Lviv to Shehyni (the border between Poland and Ukraine) is 105 km.
The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia has been conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt for theme tourist and cultural routes as tourism products. Objects of key importance to the functioning of the route, management of tourism facilities, availability for transportation and theme events have been assessed. The general assessment of the functioning of the route has been performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James have been indicated. When analysing research results, the cartographic method, the descriptive and analytical method as well as the dynamic and comparative methods have been used.
The performed valorisation of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia with Mikos von Rohrscheidt’s method has indicated that, considering the general score (493 points), the analysed section of Camino de Santiago should be classified as a route of medium tourism potential. The shortcomings largely result from the lack of knowledge about the Way of St. James among residents of Ukraine, the absence of cult of St. James the Apostle in Ukraine, and a short functioning of the route which has not yet found its permanent place in the awareness of the population of the Lviv Oblast. The theme compliance of individual objects with the declared theme of the route and the marking of the route have received the lowest evaluation. Also, the assessment of the route in terms of promotional activities and own service has been low whereas the overall evaluation of the accommodation and catering facilities in three marked locations along the route (Lviv, Horodok, Shehyni) has improved.
The research is devoted to the section of the Way of St. James, known as the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia. The examined section of the route is the first and only section of Camino de Santiago currently existing in Ukraine. A total length of the section of the Way of St. James marked along the way from Lviv to Shehyni (the border between Poland and Ukraine) is 105 km.
The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia has been conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt for theme tourist and cultural routes as tourism products. Objects of key importance to the functioning of the route, management of tourism facilities, availability for transportation and theme events have been assessed. The general assessment of the functioning of the route has been performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James have been indicated. When analysing research results, the cartographic method, the descriptive and analytical method as well as the dynamic and comparative methods have been used.
The performed valorisation of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia with Mikos von Rohrscheidt’s method has indicated that, considering the general score (493 points), the analysed section of Camino de Santiago should be classified as a route of medium tourism potential. The shortcomings largely result from the lack of knowledge about the Way of St. James among residents of Ukraine, the absence of cult of St. James the Apostle in Ukraine, and a short functioning of the route which has not yet found its permanent place in the awareness of the population of the Lviv Oblast. The theme compliance of individual objects with the declared theme of the route and the marking of the route have received the lowest evaluation. Also, the assessment of the route in terms of promotional activities and own service has been low whereas the overall evaluation of the accommodation and catering facilities in three marked locations along the route (Lviv, Horodok, Shehyni) has improved.
Research Interests:
This research was conducted to determine the level of activity within religious tourism and pilgrimaging of academic youth, and to get to know the motives and the key forms of pilgrimages among students. The results demonstrate that for... more
This research was conducted to determine the level of activity within religious tourism and pilgrimaging of academic youth, and to get to know the motives and the key forms of pilgrimages among students. The results demonstrate that for more than 68% of the researched group of academic youth, pilgrimaging and visiting holy places combined with prayer and pious practices (religious tourism) has a marginal meaning. More than a half of the researched students did not go on a pilgrimage last year. A vast majority (more than 77%) of the researched group did not show any activity in terms of participation in the feast of youth, i.e. World Youth Day held in Krakow in 2016 (87.1% of respondents live in Małopolska). There is also a mediocre interest among young people in religious events that take place in the local Church, in the celebration of the Extraordinary Jubilee Year of Mercy. 64% respondents said that they had not gone through a Door of Mercy. (There were more than 660 of such doors in Poland). The research results also confirm that frequent pilgrimages with parents in childhood or adolescence translate into a higher pilgrimage activity of respondents after completion of their school education. On the contrary, a lack of family pilgrimage traditions has a big impact on a lack of interest in travelling with religious motives in adult life. A drop in religiousness among Polish youth in the last ten years, demonstrated by the Institute of Statistics of the Catholic Church, undoubtedly affects the pilgrimage activity of young people. Based on the data concerning the organized pilgrimage traffic in the biggest Polish sanctuaries (Jasna Góra, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska), we can conclude that after 2005, there has been a fall in a number of religious youth groups. Field research done by the author of this study in the network of pilgrim routes to Santiago de Compostela (the Way of James) proves that “the most beautiful way of the world”, as Camino de Santiago is called, is not a route/space that Polish youth is interested in. (This was also confirmed by the questionnaire research: Only 7% of all researched students have been walking along the Way of St. James in Poland and only 4% – abroad).
Research Interests:
Entrepreneurship as a Factor in the Development of Camino de Santiago in Poland In 2003 the European network of Camino de Santiago – Way of St. James reached the border between Germany and Poland in Görlitz – Zgorzelec. In the following... more
Entrepreneurship as a Factor in the Development of Camino de Santiago in Poland
In 2003 the European network of Camino de Santiago – Way of St. James reached the border between Germany and Poland in Görlitz – Zgorzelec. In the following year, a group of fans of the Route of St. James in Poland started activities aimed at setting out and marking the first Polish sections of the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela. In the next years, many regions of Poland witnessed initiatives of marking new sections of the Way of St. James. The projects were finalised with an impressive number of 34 marked Polish sections of the Way of St. James which jointly made the network of Camino de Santiago of a length of more than 6,460 km.
Selected sections of the Way of St. James in Poland constitute the subject of research. Field studies were conducted during the years 2006–2017 in twelve Polish sections of Camino de Santiago. A length of more than 1,200 kilometres of the Route of St. James was examined (by walking).
The objective of the research was to learn about transformations in the sector of tour-ism services which occurred on selected Polish sections of the Way of St. James and to ana-lyse entrepreneurial activities undertaken both by local government authorities, tourism asso-ciations and organisations, Brotherhoods and Associations of St. James, and businesses in order to develop pilgrimage movements, religious tourism and cultural tourism on the analysed route.
When presenting research results, mainly the descriptive and analytical method, carto-graphic presentations methods and statistical methods have been used.
The conducted research has shown that the designing, setting out and marking of 34 Polish sections of Camino de Santiago is mainly the contribution of groups of fans of the Way of St. James, Camino pilgrims, members of the Brotherhoods of St. James and Associations of St. James, and priests. In the majority of cases, this was a "grassroots" initiative and an ex-pression of social entrepreneurship of tens of people. It was only at subsequent stages of the development of the Way of St. James in individual regions that local government authorities gradually joined "Camino" projects.
In 2003 the European network of Camino de Santiago – Way of St. James reached the border between Germany and Poland in Görlitz – Zgorzelec. In the following year, a group of fans of the Route of St. James in Poland started activities aimed at setting out and marking the first Polish sections of the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela. In the next years, many regions of Poland witnessed initiatives of marking new sections of the Way of St. James. The projects were finalised with an impressive number of 34 marked Polish sections of the Way of St. James which jointly made the network of Camino de Santiago of a length of more than 6,460 km.
Selected sections of the Way of St. James in Poland constitute the subject of research. Field studies were conducted during the years 2006–2017 in twelve Polish sections of Camino de Santiago. A length of more than 1,200 kilometres of the Route of St. James was examined (by walking).
The objective of the research was to learn about transformations in the sector of tour-ism services which occurred on selected Polish sections of the Way of St. James and to ana-lyse entrepreneurial activities undertaken both by local government authorities, tourism asso-ciations and organisations, Brotherhoods and Associations of St. James, and businesses in order to develop pilgrimage movements, religious tourism and cultural tourism on the analysed route.
When presenting research results, mainly the descriptive and analytical method, carto-graphic presentations methods and statistical methods have been used.
The conducted research has shown that the designing, setting out and marking of 34 Polish sections of Camino de Santiago is mainly the contribution of groups of fans of the Way of St. James, Camino pilgrims, members of the Brotherhoods of St. James and Associations of St. James, and priests. In the majority of cases, this was a "grassroots" initiative and an ex-pression of social entrepreneurship of tens of people. It was only at subsequent stages of the development of the Way of St. James in individual regions that local government authorities gradually joined "Camino" projects.
Research Interests:
Polish knights and pilgrims on their way to Compostela — space, sacrum, time Camino de Sancti Jacobi — or the pilgrimage routes to Compostela were covered by tens of thousands of pilgrims each year in Medieval Europe. The pilgrims... more
Polish knights and pilgrims on their way to Compostela — space, sacrum, time
Camino de Sancti Jacobi — or the pilgrimage routes to Compostela were covered by tens of thousands of pilgrims each year in Medieval Europe. The pilgrims included a relatively small group of Poles, chiefly knights connected with the rulers. The Polish pilgrimages to St. James cathedral in Compostela are confirmed primarily by hand-written and printed documents, iconographic, cartographic and archaeological sources.
Polish knights and pilgrims going from Poland to Santiago de Compostela travelled by local roads, tried by local communities, belonging to the transport corridors going from the East to the West of Europe and from Northern European states to the South of the continent. The choice of routes and method of pilgrimage depended primarily on the social status and wealth of the pilgrim. Most major pilgrimage routes in Poland started in Gdańsk, Toruń, Wrocław, Poznań and Kraków. The pilgrims used trade routes through Czechia, Moravia, Germany, Switzerland, France and, eventually, through regions in northern Spain. Some pilgrims travelled from Poland through Slovakia and Hungary, and next along German, French and Spanish routes. The sea route was chosen only rarely, from Gdańsk to Porto or to La Coruña, and next on foot to St. James cathedral in Compostela.
On their way to Compostela the pilgrims stopped in sanctuaries, monasteries and trade towns where they found shelter in hospitals, poorhouses and hospices. The walking pace was conditional on many factors, primarily on the weather conditions, terrain, road condition, physical and mental health, as well as the endurance of animals (horses or mules). Assuming a Medieval pilgrim, a wanderer, covered about 25 km a day on foot during a day, the journey from Krakow to Santiago de Compostela (a distance of about 3,000 km) had to take at least 120 days, and from Vilnius to Compostela about 150 days. Obviously, it should be kept in mind the total pilgrimage duration must be doubled as the return of the pilgrim home from the sanctuary took more or less the same.
Camino de Sancti Jacobi — or the pilgrimage routes to Compostela were covered by tens of thousands of pilgrims each year in Medieval Europe. The pilgrims included a relatively small group of Poles, chiefly knights connected with the rulers. The Polish pilgrimages to St. James cathedral in Compostela are confirmed primarily by hand-written and printed documents, iconographic, cartographic and archaeological sources.
Polish knights and pilgrims going from Poland to Santiago de Compostela travelled by local roads, tried by local communities, belonging to the transport corridors going from the East to the West of Europe and from Northern European states to the South of the continent. The choice of routes and method of pilgrimage depended primarily on the social status and wealth of the pilgrim. Most major pilgrimage routes in Poland started in Gdańsk, Toruń, Wrocław, Poznań and Kraków. The pilgrims used trade routes through Czechia, Moravia, Germany, Switzerland, France and, eventually, through regions in northern Spain. Some pilgrims travelled from Poland through Slovakia and Hungary, and next along German, French and Spanish routes. The sea route was chosen only rarely, from Gdańsk to Porto or to La Coruña, and next on foot to St. James cathedral in Compostela.
On their way to Compostela the pilgrims stopped in sanctuaries, monasteries and trade towns where they found shelter in hospitals, poorhouses and hospices. The walking pace was conditional on many factors, primarily on the weather conditions, terrain, road condition, physical and mental health, as well as the endurance of animals (horses or mules). Assuming a Medieval pilgrim, a wanderer, covered about 25 km a day on foot during a day, the journey from Krakow to Santiago de Compostela (a distance of about 3,000 km) had to take at least 120 days, and from Vilnius to Compostela about 150 days. Obviously, it should be kept in mind the total pilgrimage duration must be doubled as the return of the pilgrim home from the sanctuary took more or less the same.
Research Interests:
Celem pracy jest wskazanie najważniejszych obszarów badań w zakresie wiedzy naukowej na temat szczególnego charakteru konsumenta na rynku turystycznym, jakim w bardzo licznych przypadkach jest rodzina. Metoda. Artykuł ma charakter... more
Celem pracy jest wskazanie najważniejszych obszarów badań w zakresie wiedzy naukowej na temat szczególnego charakteru konsumenta na rynku turystycznym, jakim w bardzo licznych przypadkach jest rodzina. Metoda. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowo-dyskusyjny, więc najważniejsze stosowane meto-dy to krytyczna analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz wnioskowanie indukcyjne Wyniki. Najważniejsze kwestie wymagające podjęcia intensywnych badań naukowych to: zróżnicowanie zachowań konsumenckich rodzin należących do równych typów, w tym coraz popularniejszych rodzin niepełnych i patchworkowych; wpływ przemian demograficznych na zachowania konsumenckie rodzin wielkomiejskich na rynku turystycznym; role poszczególnych członków rodzin w procesach podejmowania decyzji wobec zmieniających się uwarunkowań demograficznych. Ograniczenia badań i wnioskowania. W badaniach zaprezentowano stan wiedzy naukowej z początku roku 2018 i wskazane w artykule luki w wiedzy naukowej powinny być sukcesywnie zapełniane przez kolejne publikacje. Implikacje praktyczne. Artykuł, skoncentrowany na lukach w poznaniu naukowym, nie proponuje gotowych rozwiązań dla praktyków, jednak temat rodziny jako konsumenta na rynku turystycznym jako taki powinien być i z reguły jest także przedmiotem zainteresowania nie-mal całej szeroko rozumianej branży turystycznej. Oryginalność. Dotychczas wydane opracowania dotyczące rodzin na rynku turystycznym miały charakter cząstkowy i były ukierunkowane na rozwiązanie konkretnych, szczegółowych problemów badawczych, dotąd nie została natomiast opublikowana obszerna i kompleksowa diagnoza stanu wiedzy na ten temat. Rodzaj pracy. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowo-dyskusyjny. Słowa kluczowe: turystyka rodzinna, konsumpcja turystyczna, podejmowanie decyzji, drugie przejście demograficzne.
Research Interests:
Sanctuaries and Cult Centres of St. James in the Network of Camino de Santiago in Poland The development of the pilgrimage movement along the Polish sections of the Route of St. James has been connected directly with the continuous... more
Sanctuaries and Cult Centres of St. James in the Network of Camino de Santiago in Poland
The development of the pilgrimage movement along the Polish sections of the Route of St. James has been connected directly with the continuous development of the Apostle's cult both in the parishes of St. James, and in other religious cult centres in Poland. During the recent 12 years, six parish churches of St. James, namely in Jakubów, Szczyrk, Lębork, Więcławice Stare, Małujowice and Brzesko, have been promoted to the rank of the sanctuary of St. James the Greater Apostle. The network of the Polish sections of Camino de Santiago reaches nowadays 73 parish churches, 2 rectoral churches, 9 chapels of ease and 4 chapels of St. James. At the Route of St. James there is also an oratorium of St. James in the former Cysterian monastery in Ląd. Besides, the churches housing the relics of St. James, situated e.g. in Łeba, Modrze, Podegrodzie, Radziądz, Sączów, Strzelin, Strzelno, Szczaworyż, Tolkmicko, Toruń and Tuchów, are also of high importance. Most St. James' churches can be visited by Camino travellers going along the Route of St. James called Via Regia (13 churches including two sanctuaries of St. James, in Brzesko and Małujowice), Małopolska Route of St. James (10 churches, including two sanctuaries of St. James, in Więcławice Stare and Szczyrk) and Pomorska Route of St. James (9 churches, including the sanctuary of St. James in Lębork).
Also the new initiatives, related to further revival of the Apostle's cult in local communities and regions crossed by Camino de Santiago, e.g. "James' Feasts", "James' Fairs", "James' Festivals", James' Days or running along the Route of St. James are worth stressing.
The development of the pilgrimage movement along the Polish sections of the Route of St. James has been connected directly with the continuous development of the Apostle's cult both in the parishes of St. James, and in other religious cult centres in Poland. During the recent 12 years, six parish churches of St. James, namely in Jakubów, Szczyrk, Lębork, Więcławice Stare, Małujowice and Brzesko, have been promoted to the rank of the sanctuary of St. James the Greater Apostle. The network of the Polish sections of Camino de Santiago reaches nowadays 73 parish churches, 2 rectoral churches, 9 chapels of ease and 4 chapels of St. James. At the Route of St. James there is also an oratorium of St. James in the former Cysterian monastery in Ląd. Besides, the churches housing the relics of St. James, situated e.g. in Łeba, Modrze, Podegrodzie, Radziądz, Sączów, Strzelin, Strzelno, Szczaworyż, Tolkmicko, Toruń and Tuchów, are also of high importance. Most St. James' churches can be visited by Camino travellers going along the Route of St. James called Via Regia (13 churches including two sanctuaries of St. James, in Brzesko and Małujowice), Małopolska Route of St. James (10 churches, including two sanctuaries of St. James, in Więcławice Stare and Szczyrk) and Pomorska Route of St. James (9 churches, including the sanctuary of St. James in Lębork).
Also the new initiatives, related to further revival of the Apostle's cult in local communities and regions crossed by Camino de Santiago, e.g. "James' Feasts", "James' Fairs", "James' Festivals", James' Days or running along the Route of St. James are worth stressing.
Research Interests:
The Route of St. James in Poland – the Calendar of Selected Events: September 2017 – August 2018 This calendar comprises all the significant events connected with the cult of St. James the Apostle in Poland and the Polish sections of... more
The Route of St. James in Poland – the Calendar of Selected Events: September 2017 – August 2018
This calendar comprises all the significant events connected with the cult of St. James the Apostle in Poland and the Polish sections of Camino de Santiago from September 2017 to late August 2018. The most important include: IV meeting of the James' Parliament in Toruń (8–10 December 2017), opening of the Świętokrzyska Route of St. James (28 January 2018) and XI Polish Pilgrimage of James' Parishes and admirers of St. James the Greater Apostle to Jasna Góra (28 April 2018). On 31 August 2018 the length of the delineated sections of the Route of St. James in Poland reached 6,816 km.
This calendar comprises all the significant events connected with the cult of St. James the Apostle in Poland and the Polish sections of Camino de Santiago from September 2017 to late August 2018. The most important include: IV meeting of the James' Parliament in Toruń (8–10 December 2017), opening of the Świętokrzyska Route of St. James (28 January 2018) and XI Polish Pilgrimage of James' Parishes and admirers of St. James the Greater Apostle to Jasna Góra (28 April 2018). On 31 August 2018 the length of the delineated sections of the Route of St. James in Poland reached 6,816 km.
Research Interests:
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Way of St. James Camino Polaco (“Suwalszczyzna” and “Warmia and Masuria”: Dusznica – Olsztyn sections) Abstract: Camino Polaco (Polish Way) is one of 36... more
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Way of St. James Camino Polaco (“Suwalszczyzna” and “Warmia and Masuria”: Dusznica – Olsztyn sections)
Abstract:
Camino Polaco (Polish Way) is one of 36 currently functioning Polish sections of Camino de Santiago – the route that goes to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela. It is the second longest Polish section of the Way of St. James (after the Way of St. James Via Regia – 957 km). The total length of the Polish Way from Ogrodniki to Trzemeszno amounts to 651 km.
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James known as Camino Polaco (Polish Way), leading from the border between Poland and Lithuania in Dusznica to Olsztyn and covering a total length of 313 km. The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) was conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt for theme tourist and cultural routes as tourism products. Field studies were conducted in 2017 in the section of the route from Dusznica to Olsztyn. Facilities of key importance to the functioning of the route, its management in touristic terms, availability for transportation and theme events were evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route was performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James were indicated. When presenting research results, the descriptive and analytical method as well as cartographic methods were used.
As a result of the valorisation of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt, it was proven that, considering the overall score (627 points), the examined section of the route should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The conducted studies allowed us to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its considerable attractiveness to tourists, very good coordination as well as deficits. The deficits mainly result from the short functioning of the route which has not been permanently recorded yet in the awareness of residents of Suwalszczyzna, Masuria and Warmia regions.
Abstract:
Camino Polaco (Polish Way) is one of 36 currently functioning Polish sections of Camino de Santiago – the route that goes to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela. It is the second longest Polish section of the Way of St. James (after the Way of St. James Via Regia – 957 km). The total length of the Polish Way from Ogrodniki to Trzemeszno amounts to 651 km.
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James known as Camino Polaco (Polish Way), leading from the border between Poland and Lithuania in Dusznica to Olsztyn and covering a total length of 313 km. The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) was conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt for theme tourist and cultural routes as tourism products. Field studies were conducted in 2017 in the section of the route from Dusznica to Olsztyn. Facilities of key importance to the functioning of the route, its management in touristic terms, availability for transportation and theme events were evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route was performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James were indicated. When presenting research results, the descriptive and analytical method as well as cartographic methods were used.
As a result of the valorisation of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt, it was proven that, considering the overall score (627 points), the examined section of the route should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The conducted studies allowed us to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its considerable attractiveness to tourists, very good coordination as well as deficits. The deficits mainly result from the short functioning of the route which has not been permanently recorded yet in the awareness of residents of Suwalszczyzna, Masuria and Warmia regions.
Research Interests:
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Małopolska Way of St. James Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James, known as the Małopolska Way of St. James, leading from Sandomierz, through... more
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Małopolska Way of St. James
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James, known as the Małopolska Way of St. James, leading from Sandomierz, through Krakow, to Szczyrk, and covering a total le-ngth of 317 kilometres. The author of this study participated in the marking of the section of Camino de Santiago. During the years 2013–2016, he walked along the entire section of the Way twice, in the meantime performing a detailed valorisation of the route.
The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Małopolska Way of St. James has been conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt (2010). Facilities of key importance to the route (mainly those related to the cult of St. James), tourism management, transportation accessibility and theme events have been evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route has been performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James have been indicated. Cartographic method and descriptive-analytical met-hod have been applied to process the collected results.
The valorisation of the Małopolska Way of St. James performed with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt indicates that the analysed section of Camino de Santiago should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The score allo-cated to the Małopolska Way of St. James (704 points) makes the route stand out from among the valorised sections of the Way of St. James. The conducted examination revealed strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its attractiveness to tourists, coordination, and deficits. Drawbacks mainly result from a short period of the functioning of the route and from the fact that the route coordinator acts as a volunteer. Further improvements of tourism infrastructure and renewed information campaign concerning the Way of St. James among residents of communes lying along the route are necessary.
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James, known as the Małopolska Way of St. James, leading from Sandomierz, through Krakow, to Szczyrk, and covering a total le-ngth of 317 kilometres. The author of this study participated in the marking of the section of Camino de Santiago. During the years 2013–2016, he walked along the entire section of the Way twice, in the meantime performing a detailed valorisation of the route.
The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Małopolska Way of St. James has been conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt (2010). Facilities of key importance to the route (mainly those related to the cult of St. James), tourism management, transportation accessibility and theme events have been evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route has been performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James have been indicated. Cartographic method and descriptive-analytical met-hod have been applied to process the collected results.
The valorisation of the Małopolska Way of St. James performed with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt indicates that the analysed section of Camino de Santiago should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The score allo-cated to the Małopolska Way of St. James (704 points) makes the route stand out from among the valorised sections of the Way of St. James. The conducted examination revealed strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its attractiveness to tourists, coordination, and deficits. Drawbacks mainly result from a short period of the functioning of the route and from the fact that the route coordinator acts as a volunteer. Further improvements of tourism infrastructure and renewed information campaign concerning the Way of St. James among residents of communes lying along the route are necessary.
Research Interests:
Religiosity and its Reflexion in Tourismus in Slovakia. Religiosity and the phenomenon of pilgrimage connected with it, as well as its visualization are strongly fixed in Slovakia. Four decades (1948 – 1989) of political regime did not... more
Religiosity and its Reflexion in Tourismus in Slovakia. Religiosity and the phenomenon of pilgrimage connected with it, as well as its visualization are strongly fixed in Slovakia. Four decades (1948 – 1989) of political regime did not manage to erase them from the perception of local citizens. Existence of more than 140 pilgrimage centres of different hierarchy level confirms this fact. These nowadays belong with
different level of success among centres of pilgrimage. The aim of the article is to evaluate the thematically relevant literature and differences between pilgrimage tourism and religious tourism. In the application part we are oriented on identification, spatial differentiation and typology of catholic pilgrimage centres. Special attention is dedicated to pilgrimage centres with Cyril and Methodius tradition, which together with national Marian pilgrimage sites belong to the most promising pilgrimage sites in the field of religious tourism development in Slovakia.
different level of success among centres of pilgrimage. The aim of the article is to evaluate the thematically relevant literature and differences between pilgrimage tourism and religious tourism. In the application part we are oriented on identification, spatial differentiation and typology of catholic pilgrimage centres. Special attention is dedicated to pilgrimage centres with Cyril and Methodius tradition, which together with national Marian pilgrimage sites belong to the most promising pilgrimage sites in the field of religious tourism development in Slovakia.
Research Interests:
Miechów Way of St. James in the network of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago - assumptions and prospects of development The Miechów Way of St. James is one of four sections of Camino de Santiago in the pilgrim-age space of Małopolska... more
Miechów Way of St. James in the network of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago - assumptions and prospects of development
The Miechów Way of St. James is one of four sections of Camino de Santiago in the pilgrim-age space of Małopolska Region. This trail refers to the medieval pilgrimage route that linked some of the most important pilgrimage centres in medieval Poland, i.e. the shrine of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechów, and Kraków, called “another Rome.” From the 12th century, over the subsequent centuries, thousands of pilgrims travelled to this replica of the Jerusalem tomb of Jesus Christ to receive the same indulgences as those received by pilgrims in the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The marking out of the Miechów section of Camino de San-tiago was based on an important assumption that it was to meet the Małopolska Way of St. James and lead through the Shrine of St. James in Więcławice Stare, the only diocesan sanc-tuary in Małopolska.
The length of the Miechów Way of St. James from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechów to the diocesan Shrine of St. James in Więcławice Stare is 35 km, and the distance from Miechów to the “Papal Window” in Kraków is 51.4 km. The length of the planned section of the trail from the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. James in Żarnowiec to the Shrine of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechów is 23 km.
The paper presents assumptions as regards marking out the Miechów Way of St. James as well as depicts tourist attractions along the trail. It also indicates activities aimed at the popularization of the trail.
The Miechów Way of St. James is one of four sections of Camino de Santiago in the pilgrim-age space of Małopolska Region. This trail refers to the medieval pilgrimage route that linked some of the most important pilgrimage centres in medieval Poland, i.e. the shrine of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechów, and Kraków, called “another Rome.” From the 12th century, over the subsequent centuries, thousands of pilgrims travelled to this replica of the Jerusalem tomb of Jesus Christ to receive the same indulgences as those received by pilgrims in the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The marking out of the Miechów section of Camino de San-tiago was based on an important assumption that it was to meet the Małopolska Way of St. James and lead through the Shrine of St. James in Więcławice Stare, the only diocesan sanc-tuary in Małopolska.
The length of the Miechów Way of St. James from the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechów to the diocesan Shrine of St. James in Więcławice Stare is 35 km, and the distance from Miechów to the “Papal Window” in Kraków is 51.4 km. The length of the planned section of the trail from the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. James in Żarnowiec to the Shrine of the Holy Sepulchre in Miechów is 23 km.
The paper presents assumptions as regards marking out the Miechów Way of St. James as well as depicts tourist attractions along the trail. It also indicates activities aimed at the popularization of the trail.
Research Interests:
The study presents pilgrimage sites located in environmentally valuable areas – the areas subject to two forms of nature protection in Poland, i.e. national parks and natural landscape parks. The purpose of the paper is to present, in... more
The study presents pilgrimage sites located in environmentally valuable areas – the areas subject to two forms of nature protection in Poland, i.e. national parks and natural landscape parks. The purpose of the paper is to present, in quantitative terms, shrines in the protected areas of Poland and to analyse the scale and forms of tourism relating to these sites. The subject of the research includes only shrines of the Roman Catholic Church. A descriptive-analytic method, a dynamic-comparative method, as well as statistical methods were used to present the study results.
Over 70 of more than 830 shrines that operate in Poland nowadays are located in areas of nature protected by legislation. At present, in the area of nine Polish national parks, there are twelve shrines and pilgrimage sites that are frequently visited by pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious or religious and cognitive reasons. Nowadays, in the area of Polish natural landscape parks (with buffer zones), there are more than 60 shrines.
Over 70 of more than 830 shrines that operate in Poland nowadays are located in areas of nature protected by legislation. At present, in the area of nine Polish national parks, there are twelve shrines and pilgrimage sites that are frequently visited by pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious or religious and cognitive reasons. Nowadays, in the area of Polish natural landscape parks (with buffer zones), there are more than 60 shrines.
Research Interests:
The Influence of Entrepreneurship of the Residents and Local Government Authorities on Increasing Tourist Attractiveness of the Region as Exemplified by the Commune of Susiec A commune of Susiec belongs to the most attractive regions in... more
The Influence of Entrepreneurship of the Residents and Local Government Authorities on Increasing Tourist Attractiveness of the Region as Exemplified by the Commune of Susiec
A commune of Susiec belongs to the most attractive regions in the Lubelskie province taking into account its tourist values. In the 6th edition of the contest '7 New Wonders of Poland' organized in 2016 by editors of 'National Geographic Traveler', the nature reserve 'Nad Tanwią' – commonly known as Roztocze rustles – located within the area of the commune of Susiec got the sixth place in the voting. This fact is a result of , among others, growing popularity of tourism in the Roztocze and the aftermath of the activities undertaken during the recent years by the inhabitants and local government authorities of the communes of the Central Roztocze – the actions aimed at constant raising the tourist attractiveness of the region and development of various forms of tourism.
The objective of the research referred to in the title of the study was to get to know the transformations in the tourism sector services that took place within the examined area in the period from 2000 to 2015 and an analysis of the entrepreneurial activities undertaken by both local government authorities and tourist associations as well as the inhabitants of the commune of Susiec for the purposes of development of tourism. Assessment of the tourist attractiveness of the commune of Susiec according to the methods applied in the subject literature has been conducted in the study. Results of the surveys carried out among tourists relaxing in the commune of Susiec during summer holidays in 2016 have also been presented. The goal of this research was, among others, to assess the influence of the entrepreneurial attitudes of the inhabitants and local government authorities on development of tourism and raising the tourist attractiveness of the commune of Susiec. The presented study constitutes a result of the inhouse and field works that have been carried out regularly within the area of the commune of Susiec since 2008. To present the results the following methods have mainly been applied: a descriptive and analytical method, a dynamic comparative method and statistical methods.
A commune of Susiec belongs to the most attractive regions in the Lubelskie province taking into account its tourist values. In the 6th edition of the contest '7 New Wonders of Poland' organized in 2016 by editors of 'National Geographic Traveler', the nature reserve 'Nad Tanwią' – commonly known as Roztocze rustles – located within the area of the commune of Susiec got the sixth place in the voting. This fact is a result of , among others, growing popularity of tourism in the Roztocze and the aftermath of the activities undertaken during the recent years by the inhabitants and local government authorities of the communes of the Central Roztocze – the actions aimed at constant raising the tourist attractiveness of the region and development of various forms of tourism.
The objective of the research referred to in the title of the study was to get to know the transformations in the tourism sector services that took place within the examined area in the period from 2000 to 2015 and an analysis of the entrepreneurial activities undertaken by both local government authorities and tourist associations as well as the inhabitants of the commune of Susiec for the purposes of development of tourism. Assessment of the tourist attractiveness of the commune of Susiec according to the methods applied in the subject literature has been conducted in the study. Results of the surveys carried out among tourists relaxing in the commune of Susiec during summer holidays in 2016 have also been presented. The goal of this research was, among others, to assess the influence of the entrepreneurial attitudes of the inhabitants and local government authorities on development of tourism and raising the tourist attractiveness of the commune of Susiec. The presented study constitutes a result of the inhouse and field works that have been carried out regularly within the area of the commune of Susiec since 2008. To present the results the following methods have mainly been applied: a descriptive and analytical method, a dynamic comparative method and statistical methods.
Research Interests:
School and Universitis/Colleges students in Poland facing the problem of refugees Social and economic processes taking place in Europe as a result of the so–called migration crisis will constitute the main subjects of debates in European... more
School and Universitis/Colleges students in Poland facing the problem of refugees
Social and economic processes taking place in Europe as a result of the so–called migration crisis will constitute the main subjects of debates in European countries, both at national as well as regional and local levels, for the next months. In January 2016 those in power in several countries of the European Union announced the tightening of the policy on asylum and mass deportations of the migrants who had not been granted refugee status. The countries that received the largest number of migrants, i.e. Germany, Sweden and Finland have been preparing for mass deportations.
The survey regarding migration crisis has been conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre Foundation and its objective is to get to know the attitude of the Poles towards refugees and newcomers from the Middle East, Africa and Ukraine. During the period – from May 2015 to January 2016 – according to the survey carried out by the Public Opinion Research Centre – the attitude of the Poles towards the issue of reception of refugees who came from to Europe from the Middle East or Africa has changed considerably.
The object of the conducted survey was to get to know the position of the Polish youth on the problem of migrants. The authors of the presented study attempted to extend the scope of the survey conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre Foundation and Maison Research House, particularly in relation to selected sample of the population, i.e. school and Univeristy/Colleges students. 1087 people – students and pupils of the upper secondary schools in Małopolska and Podkarpacie learning in 9 differents educational institutions participated in the survey. The respondents were asked, among others, whether they would agree to receive migrants in Poland, whether they would accept families of the refugees in their own flats, whether they would employ migrants in their companies or whether they would agree to refugees' living in their neighbourhood. The respondents were also asked the question where – in their opinion – refugees should live and what the main threats to our country were after the admission of refugees. The respondents also answered the question regarding what governmental authorities or other organizations should do for refugees who would like to remain in Poland permanently or for longer than a year and whether they recognize any risks resulting from admitting refugees to Poland.
Social and economic processes taking place in Europe as a result of the so–called migration crisis will constitute the main subjects of debates in European countries, both at national as well as regional and local levels, for the next months. In January 2016 those in power in several countries of the European Union announced the tightening of the policy on asylum and mass deportations of the migrants who had not been granted refugee status. The countries that received the largest number of migrants, i.e. Germany, Sweden and Finland have been preparing for mass deportations.
The survey regarding migration crisis has been conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre Foundation and its objective is to get to know the attitude of the Poles towards refugees and newcomers from the Middle East, Africa and Ukraine. During the period – from May 2015 to January 2016 – according to the survey carried out by the Public Opinion Research Centre – the attitude of the Poles towards the issue of reception of refugees who came from to Europe from the Middle East or Africa has changed considerably.
The object of the conducted survey was to get to know the position of the Polish youth on the problem of migrants. The authors of the presented study attempted to extend the scope of the survey conducted by the Public Opinion Research Centre Foundation and Maison Research House, particularly in relation to selected sample of the population, i.e. school and Univeristy/Colleges students. 1087 people – students and pupils of the upper secondary schools in Małopolska and Podkarpacie learning in 9 differents educational institutions participated in the survey. The respondents were asked, among others, whether they would agree to receive migrants in Poland, whether they would accept families of the refugees in their own flats, whether they would employ migrants in their companies or whether they would agree to refugees' living in their neighbourhood. The respondents were also asked the question where – in their opinion – refugees should live and what the main threats to our country were after the admission of refugees. The respondents also answered the question regarding what governmental authorities or other organizations should do for refugees who would like to remain in Poland permanently or for longer than a year and whether they recognize any risks resulting from admitting refugees to Poland.
Research Interests:
The formation, respectively revitalization of cultural and religious-oriented routes takes place in the European space since 1987. The Camino was launched in 1987 as the first cultural route in Europe. The pan-European significance route... more
The formation, respectively revitalization of cultural and religious-oriented routes takes place in the European space since 1987. The Camino was launched in 1987 as the first cultural route in Europe. The pan-European significance route reached after the fall of the Iron Curtain, when the post-socialist countries of Central Europe are connected to the existing network of St. James routes in Western Europe power. Slovakia also expressed its interest to be a part of this project. Aim of this article is to identify sites that could be included into the Slovak part of the Way of St. James. To process this study we consider as fundamental the presence of St. James Patrocinio church.
Research Interests:
Inclusion of the Polish sections of the Way of St. James in the European network of Camino de Santiago gave impetus to marking the Way of St. James within the territory of Ukraine. On the tenth anniversary of the opening of the Polish... more
Inclusion of the Polish sections of the Way of St. James in the European network of Camino de Santiago gave impetus to marking the Way of St. James within the territory of Ukraine. On the tenth anniversary of the opening of the Polish section of Camino de Santiago, on 10 October 2015 and 11 October 2015 in Shehyni and Medyka at the Polish-Ukrainian border, the first Ukrainian section of Camino de Santiago, the so-called Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia was connected with the Polish section of the St. James's route - The Subcarpathian Way of St. James Via Regia.
The objective of the thesis is to present the origin and development of the first Ukrainian section of the Way of St. James - the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia. Authors of the thesis have also indicated the possibilities of development of the pilgrimages and religious tourism at the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland on the basis of the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela.
In the research related to religious tourism in the examined area only Catholic church sanctuaries (Catholic church of the Latin rite and Byzantine-Ukrainian rite) located in the frontier zone at the Polish-Ukrainian borderland were taken into account.
From the perspective of functioning of the Route of St. James at the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland for over a year it may be stated that it may become an important and popular section of Camino de Santiago in this part of Europe. Conducted studies confirm that this section of the route is attended by Camino pilgrims seeking silence, solitude and a kind of counterbalance to the increasingly commercialized Camino de Santiago in Spain, especially its final 100-kilometer sections leading to the sanctuary in Santiago de Compostela.
The presented thesis constitutes a result of the office and field works that have been conducted by the authors on the European sections of the Way of St. James since 2006. These research works have been focused mainly on the section Camino de Santiago at the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland since 2013.
The objective of the thesis is to present the origin and development of the first Ukrainian section of the Way of St. James - the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia. Authors of the thesis have also indicated the possibilities of development of the pilgrimages and religious tourism at the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland on the basis of the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela.
In the research related to religious tourism in the examined area only Catholic church sanctuaries (Catholic church of the Latin rite and Byzantine-Ukrainian rite) located in the frontier zone at the Polish-Ukrainian borderland were taken into account.
From the perspective of functioning of the Route of St. James at the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland for over a year it may be stated that it may become an important and popular section of Camino de Santiago in this part of Europe. Conducted studies confirm that this section of the route is attended by Camino pilgrims seeking silence, solitude and a kind of counterbalance to the increasingly commercialized Camino de Santiago in Spain, especially its final 100-kilometer sections leading to the sanctuary in Santiago de Compostela.
The presented thesis constitutes a result of the office and field works that have been conducted by the authors on the European sections of the Way of St. James since 2006. These research works have been focused mainly on the section Camino de Santiago at the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland since 2013.
Research Interests:
Demand-related Conditions of the Development of Recreational Services in Krakow Based on the Example of Academic Youth The growing importance of recreation as an economic phenomenon raises questions as regards its developmental... more
Demand-related Conditions of the Development of Recreational Services in Krakow Based on the Example of Academic Youth
The growing importance of recreation as an economic phenomenon raises questions as regards its developmental mechanisms. At present, the market and demand-supply relations are the basic regulators of economic processes. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to determine the factors which are conditions for the size and structure of demand for recreation services among the academic youths in Krakow. The survey was administered among a total of 490 students of full-time and extramural first cycle degree studies at the Pedagogical University in Krakow, the Pontifical University of John Paul II and the Agricultural University. One of the research hypotheses was the verification of the statement that the economic factor lies at the base of the possibilities to participate in recreation. Currently, young people have broad possibilities of active relaxation and recreation and it seems justified to state that only an economic factor may hinder participation in various forms of recreation. Research has shown that the main barriers that restrict student participation in various forms of recreation include the lack of free time (34% of all answers), followed by the financial condition (20.73%) and “lack of eagerness” (16.16%). Almost half of the respondents (46.6%) indicated that they use sports and recreational facilities in Krakow at least once a week while 5.9% do it every day, 24.5% – twice or three times a week, 16.2% once a week. The comparison of research results leads to the conclusion that students have their free time but they spend it on the Internet whereas active relaxation and recreation are less important activities for them.
The growing importance of recreation as an economic phenomenon raises questions as regards its developmental mechanisms. At present, the market and demand-supply relations are the basic regulators of economic processes. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to determine the factors which are conditions for the size and structure of demand for recreation services among the academic youths in Krakow. The survey was administered among a total of 490 students of full-time and extramural first cycle degree studies at the Pedagogical University in Krakow, the Pontifical University of John Paul II and the Agricultural University. One of the research hypotheses was the verification of the statement that the economic factor lies at the base of the possibilities to participate in recreation. Currently, young people have broad possibilities of active relaxation and recreation and it seems justified to state that only an economic factor may hinder participation in various forms of recreation. Research has shown that the main barriers that restrict student participation in various forms of recreation include the lack of free time (34% of all answers), followed by the financial condition (20.73%) and “lack of eagerness” (16.16%). Almost half of the respondents (46.6%) indicated that they use sports and recreational facilities in Krakow at least once a week while 5.9% do it every day, 24.5% – twice or three times a week, 16.2% once a week. The comparison of research results leads to the conclusion that students have their free time but they spend it on the Internet whereas active relaxation and recreation are less important activities for them.
Research Interests: RECREATION and Activities
Wśród wielu trendów zachodzących w pielgrzymowaniu i turystyce religijnej w Polsce na początku XXI wieku, na czołowe miejsce wysuwa się renesans pątnictwa średniowiecznymi szlakami pielgrzymkowymi – przede wszystkim Drogą św. Jakuba, a... more
Wśród wielu trendów zachodzących w pielgrzymowaniu i turystyce religijnej w Polsce na początku XXI wieku, na czołowe miejsce wysuwa się renesans pątnictwa średniowiecznymi szlakami pielgrzymkowymi – przede wszystkim Drogą św. Jakuba, a także rosnąca popularność pielgrzymek nowymi szlakami związanymi z kultem świętych i błogosławionych (głównie św. Jakuba Apostoła Starszego, św. Jana Pawła II, św. Faustyny Kowalskiej i bł. ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki) .
W 2015 r., grupa caminowiczów i czcicieli św. Jakuba w Polsce świętowała 10. rocznicę otwarcia pierwszego polskiego odcinka Camino de Santiago – Dolnośląskiej Drogi św. Jakuba. W ciągu ostatniego dziesięciolecia w Polsce oznakowano 31 odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba o długości niemal 6 tys. km (5 996,5 km). W dniu 1 maja 2016 r. polska sieć Camino de Santiago liczyła 5800 km (por. ryc. 1). Szlak Jakubowy jest najdłuższym szlakiem pielgrzymkowym, kulturowym i tematycznym w Polsce. Jest to szlak, który łączy obecnie granice Polski z: Rosją (Obwód Kaliningradzki), Litwą, Ukrainą, Słowacją, Czechami i z Niemcami.
Celem badań, zasygnalizowanym w tytule opracowania było:
– analiza ruchu pielgrzymkowego na wybranych odcinkach Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce,
– wskazanie czynników wpływających na rozwój pielgrzymek i turystyki religijnej na polskich Szlakach Jakubowych,
– ocena działań podejmowane przez Bractwa św. Jakuba, stowarzyszenia i miłośników Camino de Santiago, w celu rozwoju pielgrzymowania Drogą św. Jakuba w wybranych regionach Polski.
Zakres czasowy badań obejmuje lata 2005–2015. Badania terenowe przeprowadzono w latach 2006–2015 na kilku wybranych odcinkach Camino de Santiago w Polsce, m.in. na: Małopolskiej Drodze św. Jakuba, Drodze Polskiej (Camino Polaco), Drodze św. Jakuba Via Regia, Nyskiej Drodze św. Jakuba, Jurajskiej Drodze św. Jakuba, Beskidzkiej Drodze św. Jakuba oraz Pomorskiej Drodze św. Jakuba. Autor opracowania od 2007 r. jest zaangażowany w realizację m.in. projektów, których celem jest dalszy rozwój Drogi św. Jakuba w Małopolsce.
W 2015 r., grupa caminowiczów i czcicieli św. Jakuba w Polsce świętowała 10. rocznicę otwarcia pierwszego polskiego odcinka Camino de Santiago – Dolnośląskiej Drogi św. Jakuba. W ciągu ostatniego dziesięciolecia w Polsce oznakowano 31 odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba o długości niemal 6 tys. km (5 996,5 km). W dniu 1 maja 2016 r. polska sieć Camino de Santiago liczyła 5800 km (por. ryc. 1). Szlak Jakubowy jest najdłuższym szlakiem pielgrzymkowym, kulturowym i tematycznym w Polsce. Jest to szlak, który łączy obecnie granice Polski z: Rosją (Obwód Kaliningradzki), Litwą, Ukrainą, Słowacją, Czechami i z Niemcami.
Celem badań, zasygnalizowanym w tytule opracowania było:
– analiza ruchu pielgrzymkowego na wybranych odcinkach Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce,
– wskazanie czynników wpływających na rozwój pielgrzymek i turystyki religijnej na polskich Szlakach Jakubowych,
– ocena działań podejmowane przez Bractwa św. Jakuba, stowarzyszenia i miłośników Camino de Santiago, w celu rozwoju pielgrzymowania Drogą św. Jakuba w wybranych regionach Polski.
Zakres czasowy badań obejmuje lata 2005–2015. Badania terenowe przeprowadzono w latach 2006–2015 na kilku wybranych odcinkach Camino de Santiago w Polsce, m.in. na: Małopolskiej Drodze św. Jakuba, Drodze Polskiej (Camino Polaco), Drodze św. Jakuba Via Regia, Nyskiej Drodze św. Jakuba, Jurajskiej Drodze św. Jakuba, Beskidzkiej Drodze św. Jakuba oraz Pomorskiej Drodze św. Jakuba. Autor opracowania od 2007 r. jest zaangażowany w realizację m.in. projektów, których celem jest dalszy rozwój Drogi św. Jakuba w Małopolsce.
Shrines Roman Catholic Church in the sacred space in Poland Currently, there are more than 820 pilgrimage centres in Poland and they are mainly connected with the Roman Catholic Church. The definite majority of them are Marian shrines... more
Shrines Roman Catholic Church in the sacred space in Poland
Currently, there are more than 820 pilgrimage centres in Poland and they are mainly connected with the Roman Catholic Church. The definite majority of them are Marian shrines (more than 550 centres – 66%) with more than 220 possessing images of the Mother of God crowned according to papal law. Other shrines are related to the cult of Jesus Christ and the Holy Trinity (Lord's shrines – 105 centres) and the cult of saints or blessed figures (more than 170 shrines). The pilgrimage network in Poland is constantly increasing. More than 230 new shrines were founded in the years 2001–2015, in accordance with Cann. 1230 of the Code of Canon Law (by the decree of the site ordinary).
The paper introduces the classification and presentation of all pilgrimage centres Roman Catholic Church in Poland, considering the spatial range of the impact of shrines and the object of cult in a given centre.
Currently, there are more than 820 pilgrimage centres in Poland and they are mainly connected with the Roman Catholic Church. The definite majority of them are Marian shrines (more than 550 centres – 66%) with more than 220 possessing images of the Mother of God crowned according to papal law. Other shrines are related to the cult of Jesus Christ and the Holy Trinity (Lord's shrines – 105 centres) and the cult of saints or blessed figures (more than 170 shrines). The pilgrimage network in Poland is constantly increasing. More than 230 new shrines were founded in the years 2001–2015, in accordance with Cann. 1230 of the Code of Canon Law (by the decree of the site ordinary).
The paper introduces the classification and presentation of all pilgrimage centres Roman Catholic Church in Poland, considering the spatial range of the impact of shrines and the object of cult in a given centre.
Research Interests:
Opportunities for Transborder Cooperation with Regard to Pilgrimages and Religious Tourism Based on the Example of the Way of St. James Via Regia on the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland An official ceremony of connecting the first Ukrainian... more
Opportunities for Transborder Cooperation with Regard to Pilgrimages and Religious Tourism Based on the Example of the Way of St. James Via Regia on the Polish-Ukrainian Borderland
An official ceremony of connecting the first Ukrainian Lviv section of Camino de Santiago – the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia with the Polish section of the Way of St. James – Subcarpathian Way of St. James Via Regia took place on 10-11 October in Szeginie and Medyka near the border between Poland and Ukraine. The marking of the first section of Camino de Santiago from Lviv to Mościska was the result of several years of cooperation of Camino enthusiasts from Ukraine (especially staff of the Department of Tourism at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) with fans of the Way of St. James and worshippers of the Way of St. James in Poland.
The opening of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia incorporated Ukraine into the European network of pilgrimage routes leading to Santiago de Compostela and expanded the pilgrimage space for Camino fans. Currently, there are works in progress on the extension of the Way of St. James Via Regia from Lviv to Kiev. The opening of the first Ukrainian section of the most beautiful road in the world also creates new opportunities for the development of religious tourism and pilgrimages to pilgrimage centres lying right near the route and in the vicinity of the way in the borderland between Poland and Ukraine.
This paper is the summary of activities undertaken in connection to the marking of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia and the development of the pilgrimage movement along the route in the borderland in Poland and Ukraine. The authors of the paper have also attempted to present further prospects for the development of the Way of St. James Via Regia and possibilities for transborder cooperation with regard to pilgrimages along Camino de Santiago in the analysed area.
An official ceremony of connecting the first Ukrainian Lviv section of Camino de Santiago – the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia with the Polish section of the Way of St. James – Subcarpathian Way of St. James Via Regia took place on 10-11 October in Szeginie and Medyka near the border between Poland and Ukraine. The marking of the first section of Camino de Santiago from Lviv to Mościska was the result of several years of cooperation of Camino enthusiasts from Ukraine (especially staff of the Department of Tourism at the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv) with fans of the Way of St. James and worshippers of the Way of St. James in Poland.
The opening of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia incorporated Ukraine into the European network of pilgrimage routes leading to Santiago de Compostela and expanded the pilgrimage space for Camino fans. Currently, there are works in progress on the extension of the Way of St. James Via Regia from Lviv to Kiev. The opening of the first Ukrainian section of the most beautiful road in the world also creates new opportunities for the development of religious tourism and pilgrimages to pilgrimage centres lying right near the route and in the vicinity of the way in the borderland between Poland and Ukraine.
This paper is the summary of activities undertaken in connection to the marking of the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia and the development of the pilgrimage movement along the route in the borderland in Poland and Ukraine. The authors of the paper have also attempted to present further prospects for the development of the Way of St. James Via Regia and possibilities for transborder cooperation with regard to pilgrimages along Camino de Santiago in the analysed area.
Research Interests:
The conducted research leads to the conclusions that the beginning of the twenty‑first century is a period of the renaissance of pilgrimage and hiking trails in Europe. On the trails, young people constitute a significant group. The... more
The conducted research leads to the conclusions that the beginning of
the twenty‑first
century is a period of the renaissance of pilgrimage
and hiking trails in Europe. On the trails, young people constitute
a significant group. The increasing growth of the secularization processes
in the world does not affect the popularity of religious travelling. Is the
phenomenon of youth pilgrimage going to survive in the coming decades
full of demographic,
cultural and socio‑economic
challenges? However,
the current demographic situation in developed countries, particularly
the increasing proportion of older people living in society, as well as the
rapidly growing number of young people departing from faith and a lack
of stable geopolitical situation will be important factors contributing to
a decline of pilgrimages among the young. A distortion of their meaning
and treating them exclusively as routes of active tourism and culture is
also a threat. It must be emphasized that pilgrimage routes will attract
a new crowd of young pilgrims only if they remain the ways of faith,
prayer, conversion and Christian love.
the twenty‑first
century is a period of the renaissance of pilgrimage
and hiking trails in Europe. On the trails, young people constitute
a significant group. The increasing growth of the secularization processes
in the world does not affect the popularity of religious travelling. Is the
phenomenon of youth pilgrimage going to survive in the coming decades
full of demographic,
cultural and socio‑economic
challenges? However,
the current demographic situation in developed countries, particularly
the increasing proportion of older people living in society, as well as the
rapidly growing number of young people departing from faith and a lack
of stable geopolitical situation will be important factors contributing to
a decline of pilgrimages among the young. A distortion of their meaning
and treating them exclusively as routes of active tourism and culture is
also a threat. It must be emphasized that pilgrimage routes will attract
a new crowd of young pilgrims only if they remain the ways of faith,
prayer, conversion and Christian love.
Research Interests:
The Importance of European Pilgrimage Routes for the Development of the Identity of Europe – Past and Present This study is an attempt at presenting selected European pilgrimage routes and determining the importance of these routes for... more
The Importance of European Pilgrimage Routes for the Development of the Identity of Europe – Past and Present
This study is an attempt at presenting selected European pilgrimage routes and determining the importance of these routes for the development of the European identity. Three main pilgrimage routes considered by the Council of Europe to be European Cultural Routes are taken into account: Camino de Santiago – the Way of St. St. James, the Way of St. Olav and Via Francigena.
The return to the pilgrimage tradition is one of the elements that build the Christian identity of Europe. As an act of faith, pilgrimages are also important practices of communication and social interaction, and significant factors of closeness between people. During the recent years, thanks to the efforts of lay and church authorities, the work of members of various religious associations and brotherhoods, and volunteers, medieval pilgrimage routes have been recreated. Centuries ago, thousands of believers travelled along these routes. At present, the most popular and the longest marked pilgrimage route is the one composed of thousands of sections going to Santiago de Compostela. The Christian importance of the route to Compostela, its historical, cultural and sightseeing values as well as the geographical range of its spatial impact are decisive for the Way of St. James being called in literature and by thousands of Camino enthusiasts “the most beautiful way of the world”, “the way of life”, “the way of faith”, “the way of conversion and humility” and “the major route in Europe.”
Via Francigena, in turn, was a network of roads in northern and western Europe covered by pilgrims wandering to Rome. These routes belonged to the longest pilgrimage routes running to tombs of St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Rome. At present, the route is each year travelled by approximately 10 thousand people from various regions of the world. Works on the recreation of the pilgrimage route known since the Middle Ages – the Way of St. Olav – began in 1990. The Way saw thousands of pilgrims wandering for almost four centuries to the tomb of St. Olav in the Nidaros Cathedral (today's Trondheim).
People of various races and religions, speakers of different languages meet every day on European pilgrimage routes. They leave their everyday chores to contemplate and pray in silence and to ponder on the balance of their lives. The time spent together when covering subsequent stages of the difficult road, a helpful hand, respect and kindness all join pilgrimage participants in one unity so that they finally become friends. Pilgrimage routes facilitate dialogue between cultures, religions and generations. However, the ultimate task related to the further functioning of these routes is care for their Christian dimension.
This study is an attempt at presenting selected European pilgrimage routes and determining the importance of these routes for the development of the European identity. Three main pilgrimage routes considered by the Council of Europe to be European Cultural Routes are taken into account: Camino de Santiago – the Way of St. St. James, the Way of St. Olav and Via Francigena.
The return to the pilgrimage tradition is one of the elements that build the Christian identity of Europe. As an act of faith, pilgrimages are also important practices of communication and social interaction, and significant factors of closeness between people. During the recent years, thanks to the efforts of lay and church authorities, the work of members of various religious associations and brotherhoods, and volunteers, medieval pilgrimage routes have been recreated. Centuries ago, thousands of believers travelled along these routes. At present, the most popular and the longest marked pilgrimage route is the one composed of thousands of sections going to Santiago de Compostela. The Christian importance of the route to Compostela, its historical, cultural and sightseeing values as well as the geographical range of its spatial impact are decisive for the Way of St. James being called in literature and by thousands of Camino enthusiasts “the most beautiful way of the world”, “the way of life”, “the way of faith”, “the way of conversion and humility” and “the major route in Europe.”
Via Francigena, in turn, was a network of roads in northern and western Europe covered by pilgrims wandering to Rome. These routes belonged to the longest pilgrimage routes running to tombs of St. Apostles Peter and Paul in Rome. At present, the route is each year travelled by approximately 10 thousand people from various regions of the world. Works on the recreation of the pilgrimage route known since the Middle Ages – the Way of St. Olav – began in 1990. The Way saw thousands of pilgrims wandering for almost four centuries to the tomb of St. Olav in the Nidaros Cathedral (today's Trondheim).
People of various races and religions, speakers of different languages meet every day on European pilgrimage routes. They leave their everyday chores to contemplate and pray in silence and to ponder on the balance of their lives. The time spent together when covering subsequent stages of the difficult road, a helpful hand, respect and kindness all join pilgrimage participants in one unity so that they finally become friends. Pilgrimage routes facilitate dialogue between cultures, religions and generations. However, the ultimate task related to the further functioning of these routes is care for their Christian dimension.
Research Interests:
The 10th International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the subject of “Religious and Cultural Heritage of the Way of St. James – on the 30th Anniversary of the Recognition of the Route as the First European Cultural Route”, was held... more
The 10th International Scientific Conference, dedicated to the subject of “Religious and Cultural Heritage of the Way of St. James – on the 30th Anniversary of the Recognition of the Route as the First European Cultural Route”, was held on 7 October 2017 at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków.
Research Interests:
Pilgrimages to the Shrine of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope in Tuligłowy – Past and Present The Shrine of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope in Tuligłowy is one of more than 550 Marian shrines currently functioning in Poland. It belongs to... more
Pilgrimages to the Shrine of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope in Tuligłowy – Past and Present
The Shrine of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope in Tuligłowy is one of more than 550 Marian shrines currently functioning in Poland. It belongs to the oldest and most important Marian pilgrimage centres in the Przemyśl Archdiocese. The veneration of the miraculous image of God's Mother of Tuligłowy dates back to the early 14th century. In 1744 the Bishop of Przemyśl, Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski, declared the image as gracious. On 8 September 1909, with the consent of the Vatican Chapter, the gracious image of the Tuligłowy Lady was decorated with papal crowns by Rev. Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar. The re-crowning of the miraculous image by Archbishop Józek Michalik was the most important event in the history of the shrine. It took place on 6 September 2009, on the hundredth anniversary of the crowning.
At present, the shrine in Tuligłowy is visited not only by pilgrims from the Przemyśl Archdiocese but also by pilgrims from distant parts of Poland. The greatest numbers of pilgrims are noted in the shrine on the occasion of three church fairs on the following feasts: the Feast of the Visitation (2 July), the Feast of the Assumption (15 August), the Feast of the Nativity of Mary (8 September), and on Marian Evenings in Tuligłowy, organised on the first Sundays of the month, from May to October. Hundreds of individual pilgrims and families visit the gracious image of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope every year to confide their problems and difficulties in Mary. The deep faith of pilgrims and the entrusting of all problems to Mary are conducive to the constant development of this holy site.
The Shrine of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope in Tuligłowy is one of more than 550 Marian shrines currently functioning in Poland. It belongs to the oldest and most important Marian pilgrimage centres in the Przemyśl Archdiocese. The veneration of the miraculous image of God's Mother of Tuligłowy dates back to the early 14th century. In 1744 the Bishop of Przemyśl, Wacław Hieronim Sierakowski, declared the image as gracious. On 8 September 1909, with the consent of the Vatican Chapter, the gracious image of the Tuligłowy Lady was decorated with papal crowns by Rev. Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar. The re-crowning of the miraculous image by Archbishop Józek Michalik was the most important event in the history of the shrine. It took place on 6 September 2009, on the hundredth anniversary of the crowning.
At present, the shrine in Tuligłowy is visited not only by pilgrims from the Przemyśl Archdiocese but also by pilgrims from distant parts of Poland. The greatest numbers of pilgrims are noted in the shrine on the occasion of three church fairs on the following feasts: the Feast of the Visitation (2 July), the Feast of the Assumption (15 August), the Feast of the Nativity of Mary (8 September), and on Marian Evenings in Tuligłowy, organised on the first Sundays of the month, from May to October. Hundreds of individual pilgrims and families visit the gracious image of Immaculate Mother of Good Hope every year to confide their problems and difficulties in Mary. The deep faith of pilgrims and the entrusting of all problems to Mary are conducive to the constant development of this holy site.
Research Interests:
The Way of St. James in Poland – The Origins and Development – The Tenth Anniversary of the Opening of the First Polish Section of the Way of St. James Summary After John Paul II announced the so called “European Act” in 1982 in Santiago... more
The Way of St. James in Poland – The Origins and Development – The Tenth Anniversary of the Opening of the First Polish Section of the Way of St. James
Summary
After John Paul II announced the so called “European Act” in 1982 in Santiago de Compostela, which was an invitation to enliven the Christian tradition of pilgrimaging to St. James the Greater’s grave, works were started to reconstruct ancient pilgrimage routes to “the end of the world”. First in Spain and later in, among others, France, Germany, Italy, Austria and Switzerland appeared signposts with the motif of St. James scallop shell.
In 2003, the European network of Camino de Santiago reached the Polish border in Zgorzelec. This indicated a possibility (and growing expectations) to mark the Way of St. James also in our country. The first section of St. James’s route in Poland, which was reconstructed and ceremoniously opened on 24 July 2005, was the Lower Silesian Route of St. James, leading from Głogów through Jakubów, Polkowice, Chocianów, Bolesławiec and Lubań to Zgorzelec, where it meets the German Route of St. James (The Ecumenical Pilgrim Trail – “Ökumenischer Pilgerweg”).
At the time when the section was opened, it was highly unlikely that anyone could expect such immense development of the Camino de Santiago network and the rebirth of the cult of St. James in Poland during the following few years. On 1 November 2015, the thirty marked sections of the Way of St. James in Poland had a total length of more than 5,800 km (Fig. 1). At present, Polish sections of Camino de Santiago form a network of the longest pilgrimage and cultural route. The Polish network of the Way of St. James incorporated into the European network of Ways of St. James joins the borders of Poland with Lithuania (Polish Way – Camino Polaco), Ukraine (Way of St. James Via Regia), Slovakia (Beskid Way of St. James), the Czech Republic (Beskid Way of St. James, Kłodzko Way of St. James, Nysa Way of St. James and Żytawa Way of St. James), Germany (Lower Silesian Way of St. James, Way of St. James Via Regia, Lubusz Way of St. James and Pomeranian Way of St. James), and Russia – Kaliningrad Oblast (Pomeranian Way of St. James).
The development of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago and the development of reverence of St. James the Great in the last decade in Poland is a sort of an exceptional phenomenon. However, when looking at multiple sections of the “shell” route in Poland, one may have an impression that only the first step has been taken. Even if it is just the first step, it is actually elementary – it involves the marking of the route which is unfortunately incomplete in many places. Subsequent stages related to the functioning of the Way are still waiting to be executed. The most important of many obstacles to the further development of Polish sections of the Way of St. James include the absence of the tradition of pilgrimages along the Way of St. James in Poland, a different nature of pilgrimages and excursions to Camino de Santiago – which is not reflected in traditional pilgrimages to Polish pilgrimage centres organised for centuries, insufficient tourism and pilgrimage infrastructure, and little knowledge about the Way of St. James, about St. James the Great and about the tradition of pilgrimages to his tomb in Santiago de Compostela among the Polish society.
Summary
After John Paul II announced the so called “European Act” in 1982 in Santiago de Compostela, which was an invitation to enliven the Christian tradition of pilgrimaging to St. James the Greater’s grave, works were started to reconstruct ancient pilgrimage routes to “the end of the world”. First in Spain and later in, among others, France, Germany, Italy, Austria and Switzerland appeared signposts with the motif of St. James scallop shell.
In 2003, the European network of Camino de Santiago reached the Polish border in Zgorzelec. This indicated a possibility (and growing expectations) to mark the Way of St. James also in our country. The first section of St. James’s route in Poland, which was reconstructed and ceremoniously opened on 24 July 2005, was the Lower Silesian Route of St. James, leading from Głogów through Jakubów, Polkowice, Chocianów, Bolesławiec and Lubań to Zgorzelec, where it meets the German Route of St. James (The Ecumenical Pilgrim Trail – “Ökumenischer Pilgerweg”).
At the time when the section was opened, it was highly unlikely that anyone could expect such immense development of the Camino de Santiago network and the rebirth of the cult of St. James in Poland during the following few years. On 1 November 2015, the thirty marked sections of the Way of St. James in Poland had a total length of more than 5,800 km (Fig. 1). At present, Polish sections of Camino de Santiago form a network of the longest pilgrimage and cultural route. The Polish network of the Way of St. James incorporated into the European network of Ways of St. James joins the borders of Poland with Lithuania (Polish Way – Camino Polaco), Ukraine (Way of St. James Via Regia), Slovakia (Beskid Way of St. James), the Czech Republic (Beskid Way of St. James, Kłodzko Way of St. James, Nysa Way of St. James and Żytawa Way of St. James), Germany (Lower Silesian Way of St. James, Way of St. James Via Regia, Lubusz Way of St. James and Pomeranian Way of St. James), and Russia – Kaliningrad Oblast (Pomeranian Way of St. James).
The development of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago and the development of reverence of St. James the Great in the last decade in Poland is a sort of an exceptional phenomenon. However, when looking at multiple sections of the “shell” route in Poland, one may have an impression that only the first step has been taken. Even if it is just the first step, it is actually elementary – it involves the marking of the route which is unfortunately incomplete in many places. Subsequent stages related to the functioning of the Way are still waiting to be executed. The most important of many obstacles to the further development of Polish sections of the Way of St. James include the absence of the tradition of pilgrimages along the Way of St. James in Poland, a different nature of pilgrimages and excursions to Camino de Santiago – which is not reflected in traditional pilgrimages to Polish pilgrimage centres organised for centuries, insufficient tourism and pilgrimage infrastructure, and little knowledge about the Way of St. James, about St. James the Great and about the tradition of pilgrimages to his tomb in Santiago de Compostela among the Polish society.
Research Interests:
Ostatnie lata charakteryzują się dynamicznym wzrostem wielkości ruchu turystycznego wśród Polaków. Coraz częściej wybierane są aktywne formy wypoczynku i rekreacji. Zjawisko to możemy analizować w obrębie poszczególnych grup społecznych,... more
Ostatnie lata charakteryzują się dynamicznym wzrostem wielkości ruchu turystycznego wśród Polaków. Coraz częściej wybierane są aktywne formy wypoczynku i rekreacji. Zjawisko to możemy analizować w obrębie poszczególnych grup społecznych, w związku z tym w opracowaniu podjęto próbę analizy zachowań i preferencji turystycznych studentów kierunku „turystyka i rekreacja”, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem turystyki aktywnej. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było także określenie poziomu aktywności ruchowej oraz zdrowego trybu życia studentów wybranych małopolskich uczelni. Perspektywicznie badania będą podstawą opracowania modelu zachowań wolnoczasowych, w których turystyka zajmuje szczególne miejsce. Identyfikacja poziomu uczestnictwa, empiryczny wizerunek studenta-konsumenta usług turystycznych będzie także przyczynkiem do szerszych badań, uwzględniających megatrendy w turystyce
Research Interests:
Knowledge about Camino de Santiago among students of Tourism and Recreation The development of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago (longer than 5,500 km) and the development of reverence of St. James the Great in the last decade in... more
Knowledge about Camino de Santiago among students of Tourism and Recreation
The development of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago (longer than 5,500 km) and the development of reverence of St. James the Great in the last decade in Poland is a sort of an exceptional phenomenon. However, when looking at multiple sections of the "shell" route in Poland, one may have an impression that only the first step has been taken. Even if it is just the first step, it is actually elementary – it involves the marking of the route which is unfortunately incomplete in many places. Subsequent stages related to the functioning of the Way are still waiting to be executed. The most important of many obstacles to the further development of Polish sections of the Way of St. James include the absence of the tradition of pilgrimages along the Way of St. James in Poland, a different nature of pilgrimages and excursions to Camino de Santiago – which is not reflected in traditional pilgrimages to Polish pilgrimage centres organised for centuries, insufficient tourism and pilgrimage infrastructure, and little knowledge about the Way of St. James, about St. James the Great and about the tradition of pilgrimages to his tomb in Santiago de Compostela among the Polish society. This paper presents the results of a survey which was aimed at testing the knowledge of students about the Way of St. James and shrines in Santiago de Compostela. The survey was administered during the period of 2010-2014 on a group of 630 first-year students of full-time and extramural studies of Tourism and Recreation of three higher education institutions: Pedagogical University of Krakow, the Podhale State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Targ and the Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław. The survey results make it possible to confirm that the Way of St. James still remains a new topic for a large part of the society, especially teenage and adult students. Only 30% of respondents declared that they already encountered the term “Camino de Santiago.” Although almost half of the students (47%) stated that they had heard about the Sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela, only 12.5% declared that they knew someone who went along Camino de Santiago whereas 12% of respondents answered that they saw the “shell of St. James” in Poland.
The development of Polish sections of Camino de Santiago (longer than 5,500 km) and the development of reverence of St. James the Great in the last decade in Poland is a sort of an exceptional phenomenon. However, when looking at multiple sections of the "shell" route in Poland, one may have an impression that only the first step has been taken. Even if it is just the first step, it is actually elementary – it involves the marking of the route which is unfortunately incomplete in many places. Subsequent stages related to the functioning of the Way are still waiting to be executed. The most important of many obstacles to the further development of Polish sections of the Way of St. James include the absence of the tradition of pilgrimages along the Way of St. James in Poland, a different nature of pilgrimages and excursions to Camino de Santiago – which is not reflected in traditional pilgrimages to Polish pilgrimage centres organised for centuries, insufficient tourism and pilgrimage infrastructure, and little knowledge about the Way of St. James, about St. James the Great and about the tradition of pilgrimages to his tomb in Santiago de Compostela among the Polish society. This paper presents the results of a survey which was aimed at testing the knowledge of students about the Way of St. James and shrines in Santiago de Compostela. The survey was administered during the period of 2010-2014 on a group of 630 first-year students of full-time and extramural studies of Tourism and Recreation of three higher education institutions: Pedagogical University of Krakow, the Podhale State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Targ and the Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław. The survey results make it possible to confirm that the Way of St. James still remains a new topic for a large part of the society, especially teenage and adult students. Only 30% of respondents declared that they already encountered the term “Camino de Santiago.” Although almost half of the students (47%) stated that they had heard about the Sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela, only 12.5% declared that they knew someone who went along Camino de Santiago whereas 12% of respondents answered that they saw the “shell of St. James” in Poland.
Research Interests:
The shrine of Virgin Mary in Stara Wieś for centuries is attracting a multitude of pilgrims. The object of worship is a painting of the Dormition and Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose origins is dated in the beginning of the... more
The shrine of Virgin Mary in Stara Wieś for centuries is attracting a multitude of pilgrims. The object of worship is a painting of the Dormition and Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whose origins is dated in the beginning of the sixteenth century. The painting was crowned on the pontifical right on September 8, 1877 r., and after the picture arson (December 6, 1968 r.) the copy of the painting was crowned in 1972.
The sanctuary is one of the most important pilgrimage centers in the Archdiocese of Przemysl. The main indulgence celebrations take place on the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August, 15) and the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (September, 8) and gather about 15 thousand pilgrims. Within a year the shrine is visited by tens of groups of pilgrim and individual travelers. From the eighteenth century, every year in September the shrine is visited by the pilgrimage from Tyczyn. In the recent years, Stara Wieś has also become a unique place of interests for visitors practicing so-called religious tourism.
The methodical scope of the research included the statistical data analysis, which allowed to assess the size and the range of the pilgrimage movement to the shrine. The research results are shown in a graphic form - using cartographic method of research. Then a detailed analysis of the studied phenomenon was carried out.
The sanctuary is one of the most important pilgrimage centers in the Archdiocese of Przemysl. The main indulgence celebrations take place on the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (August, 15) and the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (September, 8) and gather about 15 thousand pilgrims. Within a year the shrine is visited by tens of groups of pilgrim and individual travelers. From the eighteenth century, every year in September the shrine is visited by the pilgrimage from Tyczyn. In the recent years, Stara Wieś has also become a unique place of interests for visitors practicing so-called religious tourism.
The methodical scope of the research included the statistical data analysis, which allowed to assess the size and the range of the pilgrimage movement to the shrine. The research results are shown in a graphic form - using cartographic method of research. Then a detailed analysis of the studied phenomenon was carried out.
Research Interests:
This paper analyses the development of pilgrimages and religious tourism in Poland after the political transformations of 1989. The analysis concerns four time periods: I. 1989-2004, II. 2004-2007, III. 2008-2013 and IV. After 27 April... more
This paper analyses the development of pilgrimages and religious tourism in Poland after the political transformations of 1989. The analysis concerns four time periods: I. 1989-2004, II. 2004-2007, III. 2008-2013 and IV. After 27 April 2014.
Research Interests:
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James, known as the Małopolska Way of St. James, leading from Sandomierz, through Krakow, to Szczyrk, and covering a total le-ngth of 317 kilometres. The author of this study participated in... more
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James, known as the Małopolska Way of St. James, leading from Sandomierz, through Krakow, to Szczyrk, and covering a total le-ngth of 317 kilometres. The author of this study participated in the marking of the section of Camino de Santiago. During the years 2013–2016, he walked along the entire section of the Way twice, in the meantime performing a detailed valorisation of the route.
The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Małopolska Way of St. James has been conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt (2010). Facilities of key importance to the route (mainly those related to the cult of St. James), tourism management, transportation accessibility and theme events have been evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route has been performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James have been indicated. Cartographic method and descriptive-analytical met-hod have been applied to process the collected results.
The valorisation of the Małopolska Way of St. James performed with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt indicates that the analysed section of Camino de Santiago should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The score allo-cated to the Małopolska Way of St. James (704 points) makes the route stand out from among the valorised sections of the Way of St. James. The conducted examination revealed strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its attractiveness to tourists, coordination, and deficits. Drawbacks mainly result from a short period of the functioning of the route and from the fact that the route coordinator acts as a volunteer. Further improvements of tourism infrastructure and renewed information campaign concerning the Way of St. James among residents of communes lying along the route are necessary.
The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Małopolska Way of St. James has been conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt (2010). Facilities of key importance to the route (mainly those related to the cult of St. James), tourism management, transportation accessibility and theme events have been evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route has been performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James have been indicated. Cartographic method and descriptive-analytical met-hod have been applied to process the collected results.
The valorisation of the Małopolska Way of St. James performed with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt indicates that the analysed section of Camino de Santiago should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The score allo-cated to the Małopolska Way of St. James (704 points) makes the route stand out from among the valorised sections of the Way of St. James. The conducted examination revealed strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its attractiveness to tourists, coordination, and deficits. Drawbacks mainly result from a short period of the functioning of the route and from the fact that the route coordinator acts as a volunteer. Further improvements of tourism infrastructure and renewed information campaign concerning the Way of St. James among residents of communes lying along the route are necessary.
Research Interests:
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Way of St. James Camino Polaco (“Suwalszczyzna” and “Warmia and Masuria”: Dusznica – Olsztyn sections) Camino Polaco (Polish Way) is one of 36 currently... more
The valorisation and evaluation of the tourism and cultural potential of the Way of St. James Camino Polaco (“Suwalszczyzna” and “Warmia and Masuria”: Dusznica – Olsztyn sections)
Camino Polaco (Polish Way) is one of 36 currently functioning Polish sections of Camino de Santiago – the route that goes to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela. It is the second longest Polish section of the Way of St. James (after the Way of St. James Via Regia – 957 km). The total length of the Polish Way from Ogrodniki to Trzemeszno amounts to 651 km.
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James known as Camino Polaco (Polish Way), leading from the border between Poland and Lithuania in Dusznica to Olsztyn and covering a total length of 313 km. The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) was conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt for theme tourist and cultural routes as tourism products. Field studies were conducted in 2017 in the section of the route from Dusznica to Olsztyn. Facilities of key importance to the functioning of the route, its management in touristic terms, availability for transportation and theme events were evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route was performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James were indicated. When presenting research results, the descriptive and analytical method as well as cartographic methods were used.
As a result of the valorisation of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt, it was proven that, considering the overall score (627 points), the examined section of the route should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The conducted studies allowed us to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its considerable attractiveness to tourists, very good coordination as well as deficits. The deficits mainly result from the short functioning of the route which has not been permanently recorded yet in the awareness of residents of Suwalszczyzna, Masuria and Warmia regions.
Camino Polaco (Polish Way) is one of 36 currently functioning Polish sections of Camino de Santiago – the route that goes to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela. It is the second longest Polish section of the Way of St. James (after the Way of St. James Via Regia – 957 km). The total length of the Polish Way from Ogrodniki to Trzemeszno amounts to 651 km.
Research concerned a section of the Way of St. James known as Camino Polaco (Polish Way), leading from the border between Poland and Lithuania in Dusznica to Olsztyn and covering a total length of 313 km. The analysis of the tourism and cultural potential of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) was conducted with the use of the point bonitation method developed by Armin Mikos von Rohrscheidt for theme tourist and cultural routes as tourism products. Field studies were conducted in 2017 in the section of the route from Dusznica to Olsztyn. Facilities of key importance to the functioning of the route, its management in touristic terms, availability for transportation and theme events were evaluated. The general assessment of the functioning of the route was performed and solutions which may have an influence on the further development of the section of the Way of St. James were indicated. When presenting research results, the descriptive and analytical method as well as cartographic methods were used.
As a result of the valorisation of the Polish Way (Dusznica – Olsztyn) with the use of the method developed by Mikos von Rohrscheidt, it was proven that, considering the overall score (627 points), the examined section of the route should be classified as a route of considerable tourism potential. The conducted studies allowed us to pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the entire route, its considerable attractiveness to tourists, very good coordination as well as deficits. The deficits mainly result from the short functioning of the route which has not been permanently recorded yet in the awareness of residents of Suwalszczyzna, Masuria and Warmia regions.
Research Interests:
Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Starowiejskiej w Starej Wsi od wieków przyciąga rzesze pielgrzymów. Obiektem kultu jest obraz przedstawiający Zaśnięcie i Wniebowzięcie Matki Boskiej, którego powstanie datowane jest na początek XVI w. Obraz został... more
Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Starowiejskiej w Starej Wsi od wieków przyciąga rzesze pielgrzymów. Obiektem kultu jest obraz przedstawiający Zaśnięcie i Wniebowzięcie Matki Boskiej, którego powstanie datowane jest na początek XVI w. Obraz został ukoronowany na prawie papieskim 8 września 1877 r., a po podpaleniu wizerunku (6 grudnia 1968 r.) kopia obrazu została koronowana w 1972 r.
Sanktuarium należy do najważniejszych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych w archidiecezji przemyskiej. Główne uroczystości odpustowe odbywają się w uroczystość Wniebowzięcia NMP (15 sierpnia) i Narodzenia NMP (8 września) i gromadzą około 15 tys. pielgrzymów. W ciągu roku sanktuarium odwiedza kilkadziesiąt grup pielgrzymkowych oraz pielgrzymi indywidualni. Od XVIII w., każdego roku we wrześniu do sanktuarium przybywa piesza pielgrzymka z Tyczyna. W ostatnich latach Stara Wieś stała się także szczególnym miejscem zainteresowań turystów uprawiających tzw. turystykę religijną.
Zakres metodyczny badań obejmował analizę danych statystycznych pozwalających ocenić wielkość i zasięg ruchu pielgrzymkowego do sanktuarium. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w formie graficznej – wykorzystując kartograficzne metody badań, a następnie przeprowadzono szczegółową analizę badanego zjawiska.
Sanktuarium należy do najważniejszych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych w archidiecezji przemyskiej. Główne uroczystości odpustowe odbywają się w uroczystość Wniebowzięcia NMP (15 sierpnia) i Narodzenia NMP (8 września) i gromadzą około 15 tys. pielgrzymów. W ciągu roku sanktuarium odwiedza kilkadziesiąt grup pielgrzymkowych oraz pielgrzymi indywidualni. Od XVIII w., każdego roku we wrześniu do sanktuarium przybywa piesza pielgrzymka z Tyczyna. W ostatnich latach Stara Wieś stała się także szczególnym miejscem zainteresowań turystów uprawiających tzw. turystykę religijną.
Zakres metodyczny badań obejmował analizę danych statystycznych pozwalających ocenić wielkość i zasięg ruchu pielgrzymkowego do sanktuarium. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w formie graficznej – wykorzystując kartograficzne metody badań, a następnie przeprowadzono szczegółową analizę badanego zjawiska.
Research Interests:
The Way of St. James, which has existed for over 1000 years, is constantly being developed. Since the beginning of the 21st century there were over 5 thousand kilometers of St. James's Way marked in Poland and Czech only. There are 22... more
The Way of St. James, which has existed for over 1000 years, is constantly being developed. Since the beginning of the 21st century there were over 5 thousand kilometers of St. James's Way marked in Poland and Czech only. There are 22 sections of the pilgrim's way marked with James's shell in Poland and several more are currently being prepared. In the Czech Republic there are 10 sections available, two of which start in Poland. The cooperation of societies and brotherhoods of St. James from the Czech Republic and Poland is showing great perspectives for the creation of new sections of the Way in the future located in the Poland-Czech border area.
The last twenty years have shown an increase and development of the pilgrimage movement via St. James's Way - the longest and most widely known pilgrimage and culture trail in Europe. It is estimated that the sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela is being visited by over 5 million people each year. Among the pilgrims from the Central-Eastern Europe, the Polish and Czech deserve attention as their participation in international pilgrimage movement to Compostela is increasing each year. In 2013 - 2 515 pilgrims from Poland and 769 pilgrims from the Czech Republic received the so called 'Compostela' - a memorial diploma.
The last twenty years have shown an increase and development of the pilgrimage movement via St. James's Way - the longest and most widely known pilgrimage and culture trail in Europe. It is estimated that the sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela is being visited by over 5 million people each year. Among the pilgrims from the Central-Eastern Europe, the Polish and Czech deserve attention as their participation in international pilgrimage movement to Compostela is increasing each year. In 2013 - 2 515 pilgrims from Poland and 769 pilgrims from the Czech Republic received the so called 'Compostela' - a memorial diploma.
Research Interests:
The Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and Slovakia - the current state and prospects for development The presented study provides a description of stretches of the Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and... more
The Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and Slovakia - the current state and prospects for development
The presented study provides a description of stretches of the Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and Slovakia. It also includes an overview of the cult of St. James and presents a project to mark out new St. James' Routes in Slovakia.
Since 2011, there have been carried out works related to marking the Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and Slovakia, actively participated by academics of Nitra and Krakow, as well as members of the Society of St. James in Więcławice Stare, Szczyrk and Przeworsk. Regrettably, projects launched in 2011 are still in the planning stage and have not been implemented yet. Undoubtedly, it results from the fact that the cult of St. James is not very popular in Slovakia, and there is no tradition of going on pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela in this country. Local communities have not been engaged in the idea of marking the route; in particular, there have been no support for and involvement in these activities on the part of priests.
Independently of the projects referred to above, on the initiative of Camino pilgrims, a stretch of the Way of St. James from Košice to the Red Monastery was created in Slovakia in 2014. It offers a prospect of a further extension of the St. James Route towards Nowy Targ, as well as of marking the track along the historic Hungarian Route from the Podkarpackie Province, through the Dukla Pass to Bardejov, and then to Lewocza. At the same time, the so-designed trail would connect the Via Regia Way of St. James, one of the most important sections in the south-eastern Poland, and thus create a cross-border, tripartite cooperation between Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia.
The presented study provides a description of stretches of the Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and Slovakia. It also includes an overview of the cult of St. James and presents a project to mark out new St. James' Routes in Slovakia.
Since 2011, there have been carried out works related to marking the Way of St. James in the borderland between Poland and Slovakia, actively participated by academics of Nitra and Krakow, as well as members of the Society of St. James in Więcławice Stare, Szczyrk and Przeworsk. Regrettably, projects launched in 2011 are still in the planning stage and have not been implemented yet. Undoubtedly, it results from the fact that the cult of St. James is not very popular in Slovakia, and there is no tradition of going on pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela in this country. Local communities have not been engaged in the idea of marking the route; in particular, there have been no support for and involvement in these activities on the part of priests.
Independently of the projects referred to above, on the initiative of Camino pilgrims, a stretch of the Way of St. James from Košice to the Red Monastery was created in Slovakia in 2014. It offers a prospect of a further extension of the St. James Route towards Nowy Targ, as well as of marking the track along the historic Hungarian Route from the Podkarpackie Province, through the Dukla Pass to Bardejov, and then to Lewocza. At the same time, the so-designed trail would connect the Via Regia Way of St. James, one of the most important sections in the south-eastern Poland, and thus create a cross-border, tripartite cooperation between Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia.
Research Interests:
Wspomnienia z pielgrzymki do Komposteli [Memoirs of the Pilgrimage to Compostela] by X. Józef Sebastian Pelczar (1842-1924) is one of few pre-war itineraries in the Polish language containing an account of an expedition to the tomb of St.... more
Wspomnienia z pielgrzymki do Komposteli [Memoirs of the Pilgrimage to Compostela] by X. Józef Sebastian Pelczar (1842-1924) is one of few pre-war itineraries in the Polish language containing an account of an expedition to the tomb of St. James the Greater.
Priest Pelczar went on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela when he was 47 years of age. At the time, he was a canon priest of the Krakow Chapter and a respected professor at the Department of Pastoral Theology at the Jagiellonian University. It was probably no accident that he took this pilgrimage in the summer of 1889. On 17 July 1889, Rev. Pelczar celebrated the silver jubilee of his ordination. Prayer by the tomb of the first Martyr among the Apostles was surely supposed to crown his jubilee. Also the choice of the place was surely not coincidental. Considering the most important medieval and 19th-century pilgrimage sites in Europe and the Holy Land, Compostela was the last missing shrine on the map of tens of Priest Józef Pelczar’s pilgrimages. Other significant events that undoubtedly largely contributed to the decision on taking a pilgrimage was the discovery of St. James’ relics in 1879 and the announcement of the bull of Pope Leo XIII, which confirmed the authenticity of these relics (25 July 1884).
The Memoirs of the Pilgrimage to Compostela is a book filled with facts from various scientific disciplines: geography, history, art, Church history, social and technical sciences. The descriptions of religious life and customs of the Spanish population contained in this book are very important for religious studies scholars and ethnographers.
The account of the pilgrimage allows us to draw the route precisely on the map of Spain. The route went through the following places: Burgos, Venta de Baños, Palencia, León, Astorga, Lugo, Curtis, Santiago de Compostela, Curtis, Valladolid, El Escorial, Madrid, Toledo, Castillejo, Seville, Cordoba, Alcázar, La Encina, Valencia, Tarragona, Barcelona, Monistrol, Montserrat, Barcelona, Marseille and Einsiedeln. For almost three weeks, pilgrims (Priest Pelczar travelled together with Priest Karol Krementowski and Stanisław Starowieyski) covered the total of about 3.5 thousand kilometres in Spain. On their way, they visited two most important Spanish sanctuaries (Santiago de Compostela and Montserrat), towns with magnificent cathedrals (Burgos, Santiago de Compostela, Toledo, Seville), and major economic, political and cultural centres in Spain – Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Valladolid.
One of the four chapters of the diary by Priest Pelczar entitled “Santiago” is most valuable for researchers who focus on the development of pilgrimage movement to the tomb of St. James, the cult of the Apostle and the shrine in Santiago de Compostela. In this chapter, the author described the history of St. James’ relics, the Cathedral of St. James and other churches in Compostela as well as great reverence of their Patron by the Spaniards.
Priest Pelczar went on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela when he was 47 years of age. At the time, he was a canon priest of the Krakow Chapter and a respected professor at the Department of Pastoral Theology at the Jagiellonian University. It was probably no accident that he took this pilgrimage in the summer of 1889. On 17 July 1889, Rev. Pelczar celebrated the silver jubilee of his ordination. Prayer by the tomb of the first Martyr among the Apostles was surely supposed to crown his jubilee. Also the choice of the place was surely not coincidental. Considering the most important medieval and 19th-century pilgrimage sites in Europe and the Holy Land, Compostela was the last missing shrine on the map of tens of Priest Józef Pelczar’s pilgrimages. Other significant events that undoubtedly largely contributed to the decision on taking a pilgrimage was the discovery of St. James’ relics in 1879 and the announcement of the bull of Pope Leo XIII, which confirmed the authenticity of these relics (25 July 1884).
The Memoirs of the Pilgrimage to Compostela is a book filled with facts from various scientific disciplines: geography, history, art, Church history, social and technical sciences. The descriptions of religious life and customs of the Spanish population contained in this book are very important for religious studies scholars and ethnographers.
The account of the pilgrimage allows us to draw the route precisely on the map of Spain. The route went through the following places: Burgos, Venta de Baños, Palencia, León, Astorga, Lugo, Curtis, Santiago de Compostela, Curtis, Valladolid, El Escorial, Madrid, Toledo, Castillejo, Seville, Cordoba, Alcázar, La Encina, Valencia, Tarragona, Barcelona, Monistrol, Montserrat, Barcelona, Marseille and Einsiedeln. For almost three weeks, pilgrims (Priest Pelczar travelled together with Priest Karol Krementowski and Stanisław Starowieyski) covered the total of about 3.5 thousand kilometres in Spain. On their way, they visited two most important Spanish sanctuaries (Santiago de Compostela and Montserrat), towns with magnificent cathedrals (Burgos, Santiago de Compostela, Toledo, Seville), and major economic, political and cultural centres in Spain – Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Valladolid.
One of the four chapters of the diary by Priest Pelczar entitled “Santiago” is most valuable for researchers who focus on the development of pilgrimage movement to the tomb of St. James, the cult of the Apostle and the shrine in Santiago de Compostela. In this chapter, the author described the history of St. James’ relics, the Cathedral of St. James and other churches in Compostela as well as great reverence of their Patron by the Spaniards.
Research Interests:
The Way of Saint James is the world’s longest marked Christian pilgrimage route, as well as the first European Cultural Route. The Małopolska Way of Saint James constitutes one of the 25 Camino de Santiago sections currently operating in... more
The Way of Saint James is the world’s longest marked Christian pilgrimage route, as well as the first European Cultural Route. The Małopolska Way of Saint James constitutes one of the 25 Camino de Santiago sections currently operating in Poland. The trail refers to a medieval trade route which used to lead along the edge of the Vistula river valley from Sandomierz to Kraków. The route was one of the branches of the so-called Ruthenian route, leading from Polesie and Ruthenia to the capital of the Crown and to Silesia. The first section of the Małopolska Way of Saint James (Pałecznica – Więcławice Stare – Kraków) was opened on 25 October 2008. The whole section of the trail, from Sandomierz to Szczyrk (317 km), was marked during the following years. There are ten Churches of St James on the route: in Sandomierz, Kotuszów, Szczaworyż, Probołowice, Pałecznica, Niegardów, Więcławice Stare, Sanka, Palczowice, and Szczyrk. The presented study includes an analysis of tourist and pilgrimage traffic on the Małopolska Way of Saint James. A purpose of the paper was also to summarise the activities and projects connected with the creation and development of this stretch of Camino de Santiago in Poland. Other objectives serving further popularisation of the route have been indicated, as well.
Research Interests:
The last twenty years have shown an increase and development of the pilgrimage movement via St. James's Way-the longest and most widely known pilgrimage and culture trail in Europe. It is estimated that the sanctuary of St. James in... more
The last twenty years have shown an increase and development of the pilgrimage movement via St. James's Way-the longest and most widely known pilgrimage and culture trail in Europe. It is estimated that the sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela is being visited by over 5 million people each year. Among the pilgrims from the Central-Eastern Europe, the Czech deserve attention as their participation in international pilgrimage movement to Compostela is increasing each year. In 2013-769 pilgrims from the Czech Republic received the so called 'Compostela'-a memorial diploma.
Research Interests:
Droga św. Jakuba jest z najdłuższym oznakowanym chrześcijańskim szlakiem pielgrzymkowym na świecie i pierwszym Europejskim Szlakiem Kulturowym. Na początku sierpnia 2014 r. długość oznakowanych odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce... more
Droga św. Jakuba jest z najdłuższym oznakowanym chrześcijańskim szlakiem pielgrzymkowym na świecie i pierwszym Europejskim Szlakiem Kulturowym. Na początku sierpnia 2014 r. długość oznakowanych odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce przekroczyła imponującą liczbę 5000 km. Wraz z włączeniem polskich odcinków Jakubowego Szlaku w europejską sieć Camino de Santiago rozpoczął się renesans pielgrzymowania Polaków do Composteli z terenu Polski, a więc podobnie jak w średniowieczu „z progu własnego domu”. Na Szlakach Jakubowych w Polsce coraz częściej pielgrzymują również caminowicze z zagranicy. Obchodzony w 2014 r. mały jubileusz 10-lecia rozpoczęcia prac nad oznakowaniem pierwszych w Polsce odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba, skłonił autorów prezentowanego opracowania do podjęcia pewnego podsumowania prac związanych z powstaniem Szlaku Jakubowego w naszym kraju, a także próbą udzielenia odpowiedzi, w czym tkwi fenomen Camino de Santiago – najpiękniejszej drogi świata.
Research Interests:
Od ponad trzydziestu lat w Polsce obserwuje się zjawisko powstawania nowych szlaków pątniczych związanych z osobami wyniesionymi na ołtarze (m.in. św. Jana Pawła II, św. Faustyny Kowalskiej, bł. Ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki) oraz renesansu... more
Od ponad trzydziestu lat w Polsce obserwuje się zjawisko powstawania nowych szlaków pątniczych związanych z osobami wyniesionymi na ołtarze (m.in. św. Jana Pawła II, św. Faustyny Kowalskiej, bł. Ks. Jerzego Popiełuszki) oraz renesansu starych szlaków pielgrzymkowych (Droga św. Jakuba).
Główne szlaki pielgrzymkowe w Polsce prowadzą obecnie do najbardziej znanych sanktuariów w kraju. Z kolei szlaki o regionalnym i lokalnym zasięgu zostały wytyczone tak, aby prowadziły do lokalnych i regionalnych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych.
W artykule dokonano klasyfikacji i prezentacji głównych szlaków pielgrzymkowych w Polsce. Uwzględniając zasięg przestrzenny szlaku oraz wielkość ruchu pielgrzymkowego wyróżniono szlaki pielgrzymkowe o randze międzynarodowej, krajowej, regionalnej i lokalnej. Najważniejszą rangę wśród analizowanych szlaków pełnią: średniowieczny szlak pielgrzymkowy prowadzący do grobu św. Jakuba w Santiago de Compostela, Szlaki Papieskie oraz Międzynarodowy Szlak Maryjny Częstochowa – Mariazell.
Przeprowadzona prezentacja wybranych szlaków pielgrzymkowych w Polsce pozwoliła wykazać, że dalszy rozwój tych szlaków i ruchu pielgrzymkowego jest możliwy jedynie przy spełnieniu szeregu kluczowych zadań, przede wszystkim: powstaniu w pełni rozwiniętej bazy turystycznej przy szlakach, wzmocnieniu działań promocyjnych i informacyjnych o szlakach, stałej kontroli stanu oznakowania szlaków oraz koordynacji działań.
Główne szlaki pielgrzymkowe w Polsce prowadzą obecnie do najbardziej znanych sanktuariów w kraju. Z kolei szlaki o regionalnym i lokalnym zasięgu zostały wytyczone tak, aby prowadziły do lokalnych i regionalnych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych.
W artykule dokonano klasyfikacji i prezentacji głównych szlaków pielgrzymkowych w Polsce. Uwzględniając zasięg przestrzenny szlaku oraz wielkość ruchu pielgrzymkowego wyróżniono szlaki pielgrzymkowe o randze międzynarodowej, krajowej, regionalnej i lokalnej. Najważniejszą rangę wśród analizowanych szlaków pełnią: średniowieczny szlak pielgrzymkowy prowadzący do grobu św. Jakuba w Santiago de Compostela, Szlaki Papieskie oraz Międzynarodowy Szlak Maryjny Częstochowa – Mariazell.
Przeprowadzona prezentacja wybranych szlaków pielgrzymkowych w Polsce pozwoliła wykazać, że dalszy rozwój tych szlaków i ruchu pielgrzymkowego jest możliwy jedynie przy spełnieniu szeregu kluczowych zadań, przede wszystkim: powstaniu w pełni rozwiniętej bazy turystycznej przy szlakach, wzmocnieniu działań promocyjnych i informacyjnych o szlakach, stałej kontroli stanu oznakowania szlaków oraz koordynacji działań.
Research Interests:
The Way of St. James is at present the most famous Christian pilgrimage route as well as the first European Cultural Route. An analysis of Polish and Slovak tours and pilgrimages to the Spanish town of Santiago de Compostela has shown an... more
The Way of St. James is at present the most famous Christian pilgrimage route as well as the first European Cultural Route. An analysis of Polish and Slovak tours and pilgrimages to the Spanish town of Santiago de Compostela has shown an increase over the last decade in popularity of pilgrimages following the Way of Saint James among residents from these two Eastern and Central European countries. The number of Polish and Slovak " de Compostela " pilgrims increased seven-fold over the period 2004 – 2013. This was caused by a number of factors, most notably by the development of the Devotion to Saint James in many parishes, an increasing amount of information about the Way of Saint James in the mass media, individual promotion of the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage by individuals who had reached Compostela and had received a " Compostela " document as well as an increase in the number of low-cost airlines connecting Spain with Eastern and Central Europe. During the study period 2004 – 2013, more than 60 % of Polish and Slovak " Camino " pilgrims declared religious reasons for their expeditions. Unlike in the case of the whole population of Camino pilgrims, non-religious motives for visiting the tomb of Saint James were only marginally significant for Poles and Slovaks (1.7 % and 2.4 %, respectively). Poles and Slovaks usually make their pilgrimage on foot (87 % and 94 %, respectively). However, the share of Polish and Slovak bicyclists who have reached Santiago de Compostela is quite the opposite (12.9 % and 5.75 %, respectively). All data are for the 2004 – 2013 period. More than 50 % of Camino pilgrims from Poland and Slovakia are people between 30 and 60 years of age. The part of the pilgrimage route to the town of Compostela most often chosen by Polish and Slovak Camino pilgrims is the French Way (Camino Francés).
Research Interests:
W ostatnim dwudziestoleciu Droga św. Jakuba przeżywa imponujący rozwój. Obecnie Camino de Santiago jest nie tylko jednym z najważniejszych, chrześcijańskich szlaków pielgrzymkowych i pierwszym Europejskim Szlakiem Kulturowym, ale także... more
W ostatnim dwudziestoleciu Droga św. Jakuba przeżywa imponujący rozwój. Obecnie Camino de Santiago jest nie tylko jednym z najważniejszych, chrześcijańskich szlaków pielgrzymkowych i pierwszym Europejskim Szlakiem Kulturowym, ale także najdłuższym oznakowanym szlakiem pątniczym na świecie. Droga św. Jakuba to szlak pod każdym względem wyjątkowy, określany mianem „najpiękniejszej drogi świata”, „głównego traktu Europy”, „drogi życia”, „drogi wiary” oraz „drogi nawrócenia i pokory”.
Od niemal dziesięciu lat, również w Polsce obserwuje się stale rosnące zainteresowanie Szlakiem Jakubowym do Composteli. Obecnie Droga św. Jakuba jest najdłuższym, oznakowanym szlakiem pielgrzymkowym, a zarazem najdłuższym szlakiem tematycznym i kulturowym w Polsce. Od momentu wytyczenia i oznakowania pierwszego odcinka Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce (Dolnośląska Droga św. Jakuba – otwarta 24 lipca 2005 r.) do chwili obecnej oznakowano 4725 km polskich odcinków Camino de Santiago. Wynik ten robi imponujące wrażenie na wszystkich, którzy w jakikolwiek sposób zetknęli się z Drogą św. Jakuba.
Od niemal dziesięciu lat, również w Polsce obserwuje się stale rosnące zainteresowanie Szlakiem Jakubowym do Composteli. Obecnie Droga św. Jakuba jest najdłuższym, oznakowanym szlakiem pielgrzymkowym, a zarazem najdłuższym szlakiem tematycznym i kulturowym w Polsce. Od momentu wytyczenia i oznakowania pierwszego odcinka Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce (Dolnośląska Droga św. Jakuba – otwarta 24 lipca 2005 r.) do chwili obecnej oznakowano 4725 km polskich odcinków Camino de Santiago. Wynik ten robi imponujące wrażenie na wszystkich, którzy w jakikolwiek sposób zetknęli się z Drogą św. Jakuba.
Research Interests:
5000 km of Polish sections of the Way of St. James. Is it still the beginning? The Way of St. James is today the longest marked-out pilgrimage route in Poland. The length of marked-out and open sections of the Way of St. James is nearly... more
5000 km of Polish sections of the Way of St. James. Is it still the beginning?
The Way of St. James is today the longest marked-out pilgrimage route in Poland. The length of marked-out and open sections of the Way of St. James is nearly 4,500 km (as of 1 September 2013).
This presentation seeks to recapitulate the most important successes associated with the cult of St. James and the development of Polish sections on the Way of St. James. The author also discusses the most essential issues related to the functioning of the Way of St. James in Poland, discussing mainly poor knowledge of the figure of St. James the Greater, Apostle and the tradition of pilgrimages to Compostela and Camino de Santiago on the part of inhabitants of towns crossed by the Way of St. James and the lack of proper tourist facilities, especially accommodation.
This paper also seeks to put forth tasks for organisations, associations, brotherhoods and those concerned about the Way of St. James, committed to marking and attending to Camino de Santiago in Poland. Additionally, it has also been stressed that the works aimed at developing tourist infrastructure on this route or promoting the Way should always consider the fact that the Way of St. James is above all a pilgrimage route – a route on which European self-awareness had emerged centuries ago and which incessantly bears witness to Europe’s Christian roots and encourages new evangelisation.
The Way of St. James is today the longest marked-out pilgrimage route in Poland. The length of marked-out and open sections of the Way of St. James is nearly 4,500 km (as of 1 September 2013).
This presentation seeks to recapitulate the most important successes associated with the cult of St. James and the development of Polish sections on the Way of St. James. The author also discusses the most essential issues related to the functioning of the Way of St. James in Poland, discussing mainly poor knowledge of the figure of St. James the Greater, Apostle and the tradition of pilgrimages to Compostela and Camino de Santiago on the part of inhabitants of towns crossed by the Way of St. James and the lack of proper tourist facilities, especially accommodation.
This paper also seeks to put forth tasks for organisations, associations, brotherhoods and those concerned about the Way of St. James, committed to marking and attending to Camino de Santiago in Poland. Additionally, it has also been stressed that the works aimed at developing tourist infrastructure on this route or promoting the Way should always consider the fact that the Way of St. James is above all a pilgrimage route – a route on which European self-awareness had emerged centuries ago and which incessantly bears witness to Europe’s Christian roots and encourages new evangelisation.
Research Interests:
The study presents the latest trends visible in religious tourism in the world over the last decade. These include, most of all, the renaissance of medieval pilgrimage routes and walking pilgrimage, the popularity of the so-called... more
The study presents the latest trends visible in religious tourism in the world over the last decade. These include, most of all, the renaissance of medieval pilgrimage routes and walking pilgrimage, the popularity of the so-called "holidays" in monasteries and hermitages, the rising interest in traveling to the centers, where the Misteries of the Passion and solemnities are presented. The study presents also forms and volume of the pilgrimage and tourist movement to the most important European pilgrimage centers in 2000-2011. This analysis has shown the steady growth in the popularity of the journeys undertaken for religious and religious-cognitive motives in the world.
Research Interests:
Od końca lat 80. XX w., w Polsce nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój pielgrzymowania i ośrodków pielgrzymkowych, w tym także sanktuariów Pańskich. Był on spowodowany przede wszystkim wyborem metropolity krakowskiego kard. Karola Wojtyły na papieża... more
Od końca lat 80. XX w., w Polsce nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój pielgrzymowania i ośrodków pielgrzymkowych, w tym także sanktuariów Pańskich. Był on spowodowany przede wszystkim wyborem metropolity krakowskiego kard. Karola Wojtyły na papieża i Jego pielgrzymek apostolskich do Ojczyzny, oraz zmianą sytuacji politycznej i religijnej po upadku ustroju komunistycznego. W sumie, w latach 1945-2012 powstało w Polsce 40 sanktuariów Pańskich (ponad 40% ogółu), z tego aż 34 Pańskich loca sacra powstało po 1989 r.
Przeprowadzone rozważania pozwalają stwierdzić, że sanktuaria Pańskie powstałe po zakończeniu II wojny światowej mają istotne znaczenie we współczesnej ośrodków pielgrzymkowych w Polsce. Szczególną rangę wśród analizowanych ośrodków należy przypisać sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia, które są obok sanktuariów Krzyża Świętego najliczniejszą grupą sanktuariów Pańskich w Polsce. Ich powstanie wiąże się przede wszystkim z bardzo rozwiniętym od końca lat 90. XX wieku kultem Bożego Miłosierdzia w formach proponowanych przez s. Faustynę Kowalską, a także beatyfikacją i kanonizacją Apostołki Bożego Miłosierdzia.
W grupie analizowanych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych największą rangę zajmuje sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia w Krakowie-Łagiewnikach – najprężniej rozwijające się obecnie sanktuarium w Polsce, ogłoszone w 2002 r. przez bł. Jana Pawła II światowym centrum kultu Bożego Miłosierdzia. Jest to jedyne sanktuarium o randze międzynarodowej w grupie badanych ośrodków, zaliczane obecnie do jednych z ważniejszych centrów pątniczych świata.
Przeprowadzone rozważania pozwalają stwierdzić, że sanktuaria Pańskie powstałe po zakończeniu II wojny światowej mają istotne znaczenie we współczesnej ośrodków pielgrzymkowych w Polsce. Szczególną rangę wśród analizowanych ośrodków należy przypisać sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia, które są obok sanktuariów Krzyża Świętego najliczniejszą grupą sanktuariów Pańskich w Polsce. Ich powstanie wiąże się przede wszystkim z bardzo rozwiniętym od końca lat 90. XX wieku kultem Bożego Miłosierdzia w formach proponowanych przez s. Faustynę Kowalską, a także beatyfikacją i kanonizacją Apostołki Bożego Miłosierdzia.
W grupie analizowanych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych największą rangę zajmuje sanktuarium Bożego Miłosierdzia w Krakowie-Łagiewnikach – najprężniej rozwijające się obecnie sanktuarium w Polsce, ogłoszone w 2002 r. przez bł. Jana Pawła II światowym centrum kultu Bożego Miłosierdzia. Jest to jedyne sanktuarium o randze międzynarodowej w grupie badanych ośrodków, zaliczane obecnie do jednych z ważniejszych centrów pątniczych świata.
Research Interests:
The Way of St. James (Spanish: El Camino de Santiago, German: Jakobsweg) is one of the most important Christian pilgrimage routes and the first European Cultural Route. Existing for over 1000 years route, in the last two decades... more
The Way of St. James (Spanish: El Camino de Santiago, German: Jakobsweg) is one of the most important Christian pilgrimage routes and the first European Cultural Route. Existing for over 1000 years route, in the last two decades ¬experience a tremendous growth. The Way of St. James is a route in every respect unique, defined as the most beautiful route in the world and the way of life. Currently, the Camino de Santiago runs through nearly the whole Europe and ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. According to the tradition, the relics of St. James – the first martyr among the Apostles, are kept here. Exactly on this pilgrimage route – as Johan Wolfgang von Goethe wrote – European consciousness was born.
Research Interests:
W opracowaniu przedstawiono problem dostępności turystycznej obiektów sakralnych w odniesieniu do rozwijającej się turystyki religijnej i kulturowej w Karpatach. Autorzy na podstawie badań poświęconych turystyce religijnej i... more
W opracowaniu przedstawiono problem dostępności turystycznej obiektów sakralnych w odniesieniu do rozwijającej się turystyki religijnej i kulturowej w Karpatach. Autorzy na podstawie badań poświęconych turystyce religijnej i pielgrzymkowej, tematycznym szlakom kulturowym oraz architekturze cerkiewnej i sanktuariom w Karpatach Polskich – prowadzonych w latach 2009–2012 – dokonali oceny dostępności turystycznej dla 16 sanktuariów oraz 12 obiektów sakralnych położonych na Szlaku Architektury Drewnianej, położonych na obszarze fizycznogeograficznym Pogórza Dynowskiego. Ostateczne wyniki dostępności turystycznej zostały zweryfikowane i potwierdzone podczas wizji lokalnej dokonanej w okresie " przerwy majowej 2011 i 2012 r. ". Informacje uzyskane w trakcie badań przedstawiono w formie tabelarycznej i graficznej oraz poddano analizie. Sanktuaria, jako szczególne miejsca pielgrzymkowe, związane przede wszystkim z kultem łaskami słynących i cudownych wizerunków Matki Bożej, od wieków przyciągają rzesze pielgrzymów, a w ostatnich latach stały się też miejscem zainteresowań turystów uprawiających tzw. turystykę religijną i kulturową. Natomiast spośród 129 obiektów na Szlaku Architektury Drewnianej na Podkarpaciu aż 115 zabytków to obiekty sakralne (46 kościołów i 69 cerkwi). Na Pogórzu Dynowskim znajduje się 12 sakralnych zabytków architektury drewnianej, z czego 4 to cerkwie (3 obecnie użytkowane jako kościoły rzymskokatolickie). Udostępnienie tychże obiektów sakralnych dla turystów do zwiedzania świadczy nie tylko o atrakcyjności zabytków, ale zarówno o racji bytu całości szlaku jako produktu turystycznego. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła ustalić braki w zakresie udostępniania obiektów sakralnych dla zwiedzania oraz zaproponować przykładowe rozwiązania w tym zakresie.
The study presents the problem of tourist availability degree of sacral objects with regards to the religious and cultural tourism developing in the Carpathians. Basing on the research (conducted/carried out in 2009–2012) on religious and pilgrimage tourism, thematic cultural routes, Orthodox Church architecture and sanctuaries in the Polish Carpathians – the authors have evaluated tourist availability degree of 16 sanctuaries and 12 sacral objects located on the Wooden Architecture Route, within the Dynowskie Foothills area. The final results on the tourism availability research has been verified and confirmed during the site visit (quality evaluation process) made during summer holiday in May 2011 and 2012. The information obtained during the research has been analyzed and are presented in a tabular and graphic form. The sanctuaries, as the unique places of pilgrimage, are primarily related to the cult of benevolent and
The study presents the problem of tourist availability degree of sacral objects with regards to the religious and cultural tourism developing in the Carpathians. Basing on the research (conducted/carried out in 2009–2012) on religious and pilgrimage tourism, thematic cultural routes, Orthodox Church architecture and sanctuaries in the Polish Carpathians – the authors have evaluated tourist availability degree of 16 sanctuaries and 12 sacral objects located on the Wooden Architecture Route, within the Dynowskie Foothills area. The final results on the tourism availability research has been verified and confirmed during the site visit (quality evaluation process) made during summer holiday in May 2011 and 2012. The information obtained during the research has been analyzed and are presented in a tabular and graphic form. The sanctuaries, as the unique places of pilgrimage, are primarily related to the cult of benevolent and
Research Interests:
Prezentowane opracowanie jest próbą podsumowania działań związanych z powstaniem i dalszym rozwojem podkarpackiego odcinka Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia. Autorzy opracowania na podstawie badań terenowych oraz analizy funkcjonowania... more
Prezentowane opracowanie jest próbą podsumowania działań związanych z powstaniem i dalszym rozwojem podkarpackiego odcinka Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia. Autorzy opracowania na podstawie badań terenowych oraz analizy funkcjonowania pozostałych odcinków Camino de Santiago – Drogi św. Jakuba w Polsce podjęli także próbę przedstawienia najważniejszych problemów oraz wyzwań związanych z dalszym rozwojem Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia na trasie Korczowa – Pilzno.
W dniu 9 listopada 2012 r. obchodzono 30. rocznicę „Aktu Europejskiego” – przemówienia bł. Jana Pawła II wygłoszonego podczas pielgrzymki do Santiago de Compostela. Wśród naukowców badających fenomen szlaku pielgrzymkowego do grobu św. Jakuba panuje obecnie zgodne przekonanie, że „Akt Europejski” rozpoczął nowy rozdział w historii pielgrzymowania do Composteli. Na apel Papieża-Polaka odpowiedziała m.in. Rada Europy uznając w 1987 r. Drogę św. Jakuba pierwszym Europejskim Szlakiem Kulturowym i zachęciła władze regionów do odtworzenia dawnych szlaków pielgrzymkowych. W 1993 r. Camino de Santiago na terytorium Hiszpanii, a w 1998 r. na terytorium Francji wpisano przez UNESCO na listę Światowego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego Ludzkości. W Polsce prace nad oznakowaniem pierwszego odcinka „szlaku jakubowej muszli” rozpoczęto w 2005 r. W wyniku prac wielu organizacji, stowarzyszeń, duszpasterzy, caminowiczów i indywidualnych osób do chwili obecnej w Polsce wytyczono ponad 3300 km odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba.
W styczniu 2012 r. Vice-Marszałek Województwa Podkarpackiego oficjalnie otworzył podkarpacki odcinek Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia. Szlak biegnie z Korczowej przy granicy z Ukrainą, przez Przemyśl, Jarosław, Przeworsk, Łańcut, Rzeszów, Ropczyce do Pilzna. Tym samym podkarpacki odcinek Camino de Santiago połączył się zachodnimi odcinkami szlaku jakubowego Via Regia, prowadzącymi przez Małopolskę, Górny i Dolny Śląsk do Zgorzelca przy granicy z Niemcami – i dalej docelowo do Santiago de Compostela. Długość Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia na terytorium Polski wynosi 935 km (z czego 219 km w województwie podkarpackim). Odległość z Korczowej do Santiago de Compostela wyznaczoną trasą Camino de Santiago to 4087 km.
Droga św. Jakuba Via Regia na terenie województwa podkarpackiego prowadzi wśród malowniczych regionów Pogórza Karpackiego, w tym także przez obszar Pogórza Dynowskiego. Szlak biegnie jednocześnie wzdłuż Drogi Królewskiej – Via Regia, tj. odrębnego – historycznego szlaku wpisanego w 2005 r. przez Radę na listę Europejskich Szlaków Kulturowych.
Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań terenowych na szlaku, dokonano charakterystyki podkarpackiego odcinka Camino de Santiago. Określono braki i zagrożenia oraz cele dalszych prac nad jego rozwojem. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że dużym niebezpieczeństwem w funkcjonowaniu szlaku jest bardzo mała świadomość lokalnych społeczności (w tym organizacji i jednostek samorządowych) oraz mała informacja na ten temat Drogi św. Jakuba i idei pielgrzymowania do Santiago de Compostela w badanym regionie. Poważnym problem są braki w oznakowaniu szlaku, pomimo iż projekt wytyczania i znakowania został już zamknięty.
W dniu 9 listopada 2012 r. obchodzono 30. rocznicę „Aktu Europejskiego” – przemówienia bł. Jana Pawła II wygłoszonego podczas pielgrzymki do Santiago de Compostela. Wśród naukowców badających fenomen szlaku pielgrzymkowego do grobu św. Jakuba panuje obecnie zgodne przekonanie, że „Akt Europejski” rozpoczął nowy rozdział w historii pielgrzymowania do Composteli. Na apel Papieża-Polaka odpowiedziała m.in. Rada Europy uznając w 1987 r. Drogę św. Jakuba pierwszym Europejskim Szlakiem Kulturowym i zachęciła władze regionów do odtworzenia dawnych szlaków pielgrzymkowych. W 1993 r. Camino de Santiago na terytorium Hiszpanii, a w 1998 r. na terytorium Francji wpisano przez UNESCO na listę Światowego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego Ludzkości. W Polsce prace nad oznakowaniem pierwszego odcinka „szlaku jakubowej muszli” rozpoczęto w 2005 r. W wyniku prac wielu organizacji, stowarzyszeń, duszpasterzy, caminowiczów i indywidualnych osób do chwili obecnej w Polsce wytyczono ponad 3300 km odcinków Drogi św. Jakuba.
W styczniu 2012 r. Vice-Marszałek Województwa Podkarpackiego oficjalnie otworzył podkarpacki odcinek Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia. Szlak biegnie z Korczowej przy granicy z Ukrainą, przez Przemyśl, Jarosław, Przeworsk, Łańcut, Rzeszów, Ropczyce do Pilzna. Tym samym podkarpacki odcinek Camino de Santiago połączył się zachodnimi odcinkami szlaku jakubowego Via Regia, prowadzącymi przez Małopolskę, Górny i Dolny Śląsk do Zgorzelca przy granicy z Niemcami – i dalej docelowo do Santiago de Compostela. Długość Drogi św. Jakuba Via Regia na terytorium Polski wynosi 935 km (z czego 219 km w województwie podkarpackim). Odległość z Korczowej do Santiago de Compostela wyznaczoną trasą Camino de Santiago to 4087 km.
Droga św. Jakuba Via Regia na terenie województwa podkarpackiego prowadzi wśród malowniczych regionów Pogórza Karpackiego, w tym także przez obszar Pogórza Dynowskiego. Szlak biegnie jednocześnie wzdłuż Drogi Królewskiej – Via Regia, tj. odrębnego – historycznego szlaku wpisanego w 2005 r. przez Radę na listę Europejskich Szlaków Kulturowych.
Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań terenowych na szlaku, dokonano charakterystyki podkarpackiego odcinka Camino de Santiago. Określono braki i zagrożenia oraz cele dalszych prac nad jego rozwojem. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że dużym niebezpieczeństwem w funkcjonowaniu szlaku jest bardzo mała świadomość lokalnych społeczności (w tym organizacji i jednostek samorządowych) oraz mała informacja na ten temat Drogi św. Jakuba i idei pielgrzymowania do Santiago de Compostela w badanym regionie. Poważnym problem są braki w oznakowaniu szlaku, pomimo iż projekt wytyczania i znakowania został już zamknięty.
Research Interests:
Since last two decades we notice an intensive growth of the pilgrimage movement along the Way os St. James. This route connecting furthests places in Europe and ending in Santiago de Compostela is based on a medieval transportation route... more
Since last two decades we notice an intensive growth of the pilgrimage movement along the Way os St. James. This route connecting furthests places in Europe and ending in Santiago de Compostela is based on a medieval transportation route called The Royal Route – Via Regia. The route exists for over 1000 years and is constantly developed thanks to actions taken by the authorities of the Catholic Church, governments and non-government organizations, as well as numerous enthusiastics of the Way of St. James.
Since 1987, when the Council of Europe declared the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela the first European Cultural Route we notice re-creation of former pilgrimage routes accros all european countries. The Way of St. James, marked on its whole lenght with the motif of the scallop shell, leads from Poland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy and ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain at the tomb of St. James the Apostle. It is estimated that over 5 million people a year visit the sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela.
Since the early '80s the Pilgrims' Office of Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela analyze the pilgrimage movement to the tomb of St. James. Basing on its research we should pointed out that vast majority of pilgrims who received the "Compostela" in 2010 (document confirming the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela) came on foot. There are also pilgrims coming to the tomb of the first marthyr by bike, on horseback or even in a wheelchair. Although the Spanish are still the largest group of pilgrims, the Pilgrims' Office noticed a significant growth of foreign pilgrims. People undertake the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela for various reasons: pure religious, cultural-religious or cultural motives.
Currently, there is more than 3200 km of Camino de Santiago in Poland and they are divided into 16 sections. Polish part of the route meets Via Regia in Germany in Görlitz. The opening of the Way of St. James Via Regia from Korczowa (located on Polish-Ukrainian border) - hopefully will become a strong impulse to develop religious tourism on the medieval route to Kiev.
Since 1987, when the Council of Europe declared the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela the first European Cultural Route we notice re-creation of former pilgrimage routes accros all european countries. The Way of St. James, marked on its whole lenght with the motif of the scallop shell, leads from Poland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy and ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain at the tomb of St. James the Apostle. It is estimated that over 5 million people a year visit the sanctuary of St. James in Santiago de Compostela.
Since the early '80s the Pilgrims' Office of Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela analyze the pilgrimage movement to the tomb of St. James. Basing on its research we should pointed out that vast majority of pilgrims who received the "Compostela" in 2010 (document confirming the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela) came on foot. There are also pilgrims coming to the tomb of the first marthyr by bike, on horseback or even in a wheelchair. Although the Spanish are still the largest group of pilgrims, the Pilgrims' Office noticed a significant growth of foreign pilgrims. People undertake the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela for various reasons: pure religious, cultural-religious or cultural motives.
Currently, there is more than 3200 km of Camino de Santiago in Poland and they are divided into 16 sections. Polish part of the route meets Via Regia in Germany in Görlitz. The opening of the Way of St. James Via Regia from Korczowa (located on Polish-Ukrainian border) - hopefully will become a strong impulse to develop religious tourism on the medieval route to Kiev.
Research Interests:
Dnes, obdobně jako před staletími, je možno na poutní cestě do Santiaga de Compostela, cestě po všech stránkách výjimečné, která je označována jako nejkrásnější cesta světa, stále častěji narazit na polské poutníky. Každoročně také... more
Dnes, obdobně jako před staletími, je možno na poutní cestě do Santiaga de Compostela, cestě po všech stránkách výjimečné, která je označována jako nejkrásnější cesta světa, stále častěji narazit na polské poutníky. Každoročně také narůstá počet poutníků z Polska, kteří obdrželi tzv. „Compostelku“ – tj. dokument, který potvrzuje absolvování pouti ke hrobu sv. Jakuba. „Compostelku“ obdrží ten, kdo urazí posledních 100 km pěšky, nebo ujede 100 km na koni, nebo 200 km na kole po trase Camino de Santiago. V r. 2010 – Roce sv. Jakuba obdrželo tzv. „Compostelku“ 2040 osob z Polska (tj. 0,75% z celkového počtu vydaných „Compostelek“)3. V r. 2011 byl počet polských poutníků v Santiagu de Compostela o něco menší (ve srovnání s r. 2010) – představoval totiž 1820 osob, avšak podíl Poláků na celkovém počtu poutníků, kteří obdrželi „Compostelku“, se zvýšil na téměř 1% (0,99%). Tyto údaje potvrzují, že Polsko je zemí, která hraje stále důležitější roli v mezinárodních poutích ke hrobu sv. Jakuba. Směle tak můžeme konstatovat, že slova metropolity Santiaga de Compostela Juliana Barrio Barrio, že „Polsko bude pramenem, odkud bude ke hrobu sv. Jakuba přitékat neustálá řeka poutníků“ (Monte do Gozo, 2. července
2010), se již naplňují před našimi zraky.
2010), se již naplňují před našimi zraky.
Research Interests:
Dzisiaj, podobnie, jak przed wiekami, na szlaku pielgrzymkowym do Santiago de Compostela – szlaku pod każdym względem wyjątkowym, określanym mianem najpiękniejszej drogi świata, coraz częściej spotkać można polskich pątników. Z każdym... more
Dzisiaj, podobnie, jak przed wiekami, na szlaku pielgrzymkowym do Santiago de Compostela – szlaku pod każdym względem wyjątkowym, określanym mianem najpiękniejszej drogi świata, coraz częściej spotkać można polskich pątników. Z każdym rokiem rośnie też liczba pielgrzymów z Polski, którzy otrzymali tzw. „Compostelkę”, tj. dokument potwierdzający odbycie pielgrzymki do grobu św. Jakuba: przejścia pieszo ostatnich 100 km lub przejechania konno 100 km, bądź na rowerze 200 km Camino de Santiago. W 2010 r. – Świętym Roku
Jakubowym, 2040 osób z Polski (0,75% ogółu) otrzymało „Compostelkę”.
W 2011 r. liczba polskich pielgrzymów w Santiago de Compostela była nieco mniejsza (w porównaniu do 2010 r.) – wyniosła bowiem 1820 osób, jednak udział Polaków w ogólnej liczbie pątników, którzy otrzymali „Compostelkę” wzrósł do niemal 1% ogółu (0,99%)4. Dane te potwierdzają, że Polska jest krajem, który odgrywa coraz większe znaczenie w międzynarodowych peregrynacjach do grobu św. Jakuba. Śmiało też można stwierdzić, że słowa metropolity Santiago de Compostela, Juliána Barrio Barrio, że „Polska będzie źródłem, skąd
do grobu św. Jakuba będzie napływała nieustanna rzeka pielgrzymów” (Monte do Gozo, 2 lipca 2010 r.), realizują się na naszych oczach.
Jakubowym, 2040 osób z Polski (0,75% ogółu) otrzymało „Compostelkę”.
W 2011 r. liczba polskich pielgrzymów w Santiago de Compostela była nieco mniejsza (w porównaniu do 2010 r.) – wyniosła bowiem 1820 osób, jednak udział Polaków w ogólnej liczbie pątników, którzy otrzymali „Compostelkę” wzrósł do niemal 1% ogółu (0,99%)4. Dane te potwierdzają, że Polska jest krajem, który odgrywa coraz większe znaczenie w międzynarodowych peregrynacjach do grobu św. Jakuba. Śmiało też można stwierdzić, że słowa metropolity Santiago de Compostela, Juliána Barrio Barrio, że „Polska będzie źródłem, skąd
do grobu św. Jakuba będzie napływała nieustanna rzeka pielgrzymów” (Monte do Gozo, 2 lipca 2010 r.), realizują się na naszych oczach.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
To submit a proposal, please send an abstract of approximately 300 words (along with your name, academic affiliation and contact information) to piotrroszak@umk.pl by July 1, 2018. Notification of acceptance will be given by August 1, 2018.
Research Interests:
Monografia zawiera szczegółowe opisy 40. sanktuariów maryjnych na terenie województwa małopolskiego i podkarpackiego oraz Kraju Preszowskiego, w tym wszystkich 28. ośrodków położonych przy Szlaku Maryjnym – „Światło ze Wschodu”. W... more
Monografia zawiera szczegółowe opisy 40. sanktuariów maryjnych na terenie województwa małopolskiego i podkarpackiego oraz Kraju Preszowskiego, w tym wszystkich 28. ośrodków położonych przy Szlaku Maryjnym – „Światło ze Wschodu”. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano 33 sanktuaria na terenie Polski, natomiast w drugiej – 7 ośrodków pielgrzymkowych w Kraju Preszowskim (Čirč, Gaboltov, Lewocza, Góra Zvir – Litmanová, Ľutina, Preszów i Wielki Szarysz). Warto podkreślić, że w 27. sanktuariach opisanych w pracy znajdują się wizerunki Najświętszej Maryi Panny koronowane „w imieniu i powagą Papieża”, po otrzymaniu stosownego zezwolenia od Kongregacji Kultu Bożego Stolicy Świętej, zaś w 3. sanktuariach czczone są obrazy koronowane na prawie diecezjalnym. Każde sanktuarium zostało przedstawione z uwzględnieniem rysu historycznego oraz położenia geograficznego, wraz z opisem głównego przedmiotu kultu, wyglądu i wyposażania świątyni, jak i obiektów w przestrzeni sakralnej. Ponadto w monografii zamieszczono również aktualne (stan na 1 października 2018 r.) informacje praktyczne dotyczące poszczególnych sanktuariów, takie jak: adres, kontakt telefoniczny i mailowy, strona internetowa, godziny Mszy św. i nabożeństw, terminy głównych odpustów i uroczystości. Aby ułatwić Czytelnikom dostęp do stron internetowych sanktuariów, wirtualnego zwiedzania oraz lokalizacji (współrzędnych geograficznych), podano także kody QR zawierające dane do tychże informacji. W części opisanych sanktuariów zamieszczono także charakterystyczną dla danego miejsca kultu modlitwę lub pieśń. Prezentację każdego sanktuarium kończy wykaz innych ośrodków pielgrzymkowych w okolicy.
Research Interests:
The opening of the Holy Door in the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela by the archbishop Julián Barrio Barrio on December 31, 2009 inaugurated the 119th Holy Year of St. James. The tradition had been established in 1122 by Pope Callixtus... more
The opening of the Holy Door in the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela by the archbishop Julián Barrio Barrio on December 31, 2009 inaugurated the 119th Holy Year of St. James. The tradition had been established in 1122 by Pope Callixtus II.
On the occasion of the opening of the Holy Door (La Puerta Santa) Pope Benedict XVI addressed a special message to the Metropolitan of Santiago in which he emphasized the significance of the sanctuary: “Santiago de Compostela has long been distinguished as a very important destination for pilgrims, whose steps have marked out a Way which is called after the Apostle to whose tomb people come especially from the most diverse regions of Europe to renew and strengthen their faith. It is a Way sown with so many demonstrations of fervour, repentance, hospitality, art and culture which speak to us eloquently of the spiritual roots of the Old Continent.” The Holy Father encouraged the pilgrims traveling the St. James Way to gather “the evocative experiences of faith, charity and brotherhood that they meet with their journey” and to experience the Way especially inwardly.
The more-than-a-thousand-years-old Way of St. James – Camino de Santiago – has greatly developed in the last ten years. In 2009 over 145,800 people traveled to the grave of St. James on foot, on horseback, or by bike. It has been estimated that in the present Holy Year the number of the pilgrims will exceed 200,000, and the cathedral in Santiago will be visited by a record breaking number of 8 million people.
The Way of St. James has been increasingly popular also in Poland. In 2009 1321 Polish people received the so-called “Compostela” – a document confirming the completion of the pilgrimage for those who have walked at least 100 km of the way to the Santiago cathedral. Thus the Poles have been rated 12th in the international ranking of pilgrims to Santiago. In various parts of the country more and more initiatives are being taken to promote the cult of St. James the Apostle, and to further the construction of new sections of the Way of St. James. It is worth noting that in less than five years (2005-2010) thanks to the commitment of the Church and local authorities, as well as numerous enthusiasts of the Way of St. James, more than 2200km of routes have been marked and opened in Poland. In the next few months new parts of the Polish Way of St. James are slated for inauguration (Jurajska Way of St. James, Lubelska Way of St. James, Mazowiecka Way of St. James and Sudecka Way of St. James, among others.)
Twenty two papers had been submitted for the publication accompanying the conference. Almost all authors represent academic circles (S. Adamczyk, A. Hadzik, I. Hodorowicz, A. Jackowski, C. Jastrzębski, I. Kulik, J. Kazimierczak, R. Madej-Janiszek, B. Matuszewska-Sulima, F. Mróz, ks. A. Mojżeszko, W. Mruk, K. Orzechowska-Kowalska, K. Pasławska, B. Skwierczyńska-Mizerska, I. Sołjan, M. Wójtowicz, A. Szromek.) Others are associated with particular regions or Polish sections of the Way of St. James (W. Hass, E. Mendyk and J. Płoszczyca.) We are happy to see members of the Fraternity of St. James from Jakubów and Więcławice Stare among the publication participants, along with Mr. Jean-François Chevassus – a French enthusiast of the Way of St. James, who in 1997 walked the route from Le Puy to Santiago de Compostela.
On the occasion of the opening of the Holy Door (La Puerta Santa) Pope Benedict XVI addressed a special message to the Metropolitan of Santiago in which he emphasized the significance of the sanctuary: “Santiago de Compostela has long been distinguished as a very important destination for pilgrims, whose steps have marked out a Way which is called after the Apostle to whose tomb people come especially from the most diverse regions of Europe to renew and strengthen their faith. It is a Way sown with so many demonstrations of fervour, repentance, hospitality, art and culture which speak to us eloquently of the spiritual roots of the Old Continent.” The Holy Father encouraged the pilgrims traveling the St. James Way to gather “the evocative experiences of faith, charity and brotherhood that they meet with their journey” and to experience the Way especially inwardly.
The more-than-a-thousand-years-old Way of St. James – Camino de Santiago – has greatly developed in the last ten years. In 2009 over 145,800 people traveled to the grave of St. James on foot, on horseback, or by bike. It has been estimated that in the present Holy Year the number of the pilgrims will exceed 200,000, and the cathedral in Santiago will be visited by a record breaking number of 8 million people.
The Way of St. James has been increasingly popular also in Poland. In 2009 1321 Polish people received the so-called “Compostela” – a document confirming the completion of the pilgrimage for those who have walked at least 100 km of the way to the Santiago cathedral. Thus the Poles have been rated 12th in the international ranking of pilgrims to Santiago. In various parts of the country more and more initiatives are being taken to promote the cult of St. James the Apostle, and to further the construction of new sections of the Way of St. James. It is worth noting that in less than five years (2005-2010) thanks to the commitment of the Church and local authorities, as well as numerous enthusiasts of the Way of St. James, more than 2200km of routes have been marked and opened in Poland. In the next few months new parts of the Polish Way of St. James are slated for inauguration (Jurajska Way of St. James, Lubelska Way of St. James, Mazowiecka Way of St. James and Sudecka Way of St. James, among others.)
Twenty two papers had been submitted for the publication accompanying the conference. Almost all authors represent academic circles (S. Adamczyk, A. Hadzik, I. Hodorowicz, A. Jackowski, C. Jastrzębski, I. Kulik, J. Kazimierczak, R. Madej-Janiszek, B. Matuszewska-Sulima, F. Mróz, ks. A. Mojżeszko, W. Mruk, K. Orzechowska-Kowalska, K. Pasławska, B. Skwierczyńska-Mizerska, I. Sołjan, M. Wójtowicz, A. Szromek.) Others are associated with particular regions or Polish sections of the Way of St. James (W. Hass, E. Mendyk and J. Płoszczyca.) We are happy to see members of the Fraternity of St. James from Jakubów and Więcławice Stare among the publication participants, along with Mr. Jean-François Chevassus – a French enthusiast of the Way of St. James, who in 1997 walked the route from Le Puy to Santiago de Compostela.
Research Interests:
The year 2014 saw the celebrations of the 800th anniversary of the pilgrimage of Saint Francis of Assisi to Santiago de Compostela in many parishes, shrines, brotherhoods and associations related to the cult of Saint James the Greater and... more
The year 2014 saw the celebrations of the 800th anniversary of the pilgrimage of Saint Francis of Assisi to Santiago de Compostela in many parishes, shrines, brotherhoods and associations related to the cult of Saint James the Greater and on European Ways of St James. This year marks the 125th anniversary of the pilgrimage of St Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar to the tomb of St James and the 25th anniversary of the World Youth Day in Santiago de Compostela (15-20 August 1989) in which Pope John Paul II participated. Throughout centuries, the pilgrimage route to Compostela was traversed by “Christians of any status: from kings to the humblest peasants, Christians of all spiritual levels: from saints like St Francis of Assisi or St Bridget of Sweden (not to mention many other Spanish saints) to expiating public sinners.”
The 800th anniversary of the pilgrimage of the Poor Man of Assisi to the tomb of St James the Apostle encouraged the Scientific and Organisational Committee of the 7th International Scientific Conference to invite scientists and researchers of Camino de Santiago to focus on the issue related to the pilgrimages of saints and blessed to Santiago de Compostela. As in the case of previous conferences, this meeting was also an opportunity to present the results of scientific research, exchange experiences and determine the ways to coordinate works related to the marking of subsequent sections of Camino de Santiago in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine. It is worth noting that in 2014 the length of marked sections of the Way of St James in Poland exceeded 5,500 km. The current year is also the record year in terms of the number of pilgrims from Poland who reached the tomb of St James in Santiago de Compostela (on foot, by bike or on horseback).
This publication which is being handed over to the Readers contains papers presented during the 7th International Scientific Conference “Saints and Blessed on the Way of St James – on the 800th Anniversary of the Pilgrimage of St Francis of Assisi to Santiago de Compostela” which was held on 6-7 September 2014 at the Higher Theological Seminary of the Krakow Archdiocese in Krakow and at the Diocesan Seminary of St James in Więcławice Stare.
The total of 32 people prepared articles for this publications. Most of them were representatives of scientific circles: Stanisław J. Adamczyk, PhD (the Holy Cross University in Kielce); doc. (Assistant Professor) Oresta Bordun (the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv); Beata Gałuszka, BA (the Jagiellonian University in Krakow); Sylwia Gołąb (the Institute of Geography of the Pedagogical University of Krakow); Professor Michaela C. Hastetter, PhD (Universität Freiburg); Jacek Marian Hołub, MA (the University of Rzeszów, the Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław); Cezary Jastrzębski, PhD (the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce); Agnieszka Jaworska, PhD (the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw); Rafał Koszek, BSc (the Geography Student Research Club at the Pedagogical University of Krakow); Alfred Krogmann, PhD (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa in Nitra); Bogna Matuszewska-Sulima, MSc (the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Jagiellonian University); Franciszek Mróz, PhD (the Pedagogical University of Krakow, the Podhale State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Targ); Łukasz Mróz, MSc (the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Jagiellonian University); Wojciech Mruk, PhD (the Jagiellonian University in Krakow); Arkadiusz Niedziółka, PhD (the University of Agriculture in Krakow); Marek Okoń, PhD (the Catholic University of Lublin); Kazimiera Orzechowska-Kowalska, PhD (the University of Physical Education in Krakow); Rev. Prof. Maciej Ostrowski, PhD (the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow); Adam Perchał, MSc (the Częstochowa University of Technology); Jan Rája, MSc (Ostravská Univerzita v Ostravě); Prof. Waldemar Rozynkowski, PhD (the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń); Lucia Šolcová, PhD (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa in Nitra); Sylwia Zydek, PhD (the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Wrocław); Ewa Zys, MA (the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań). Other Authors have links to individual sections of the Way of St James or represent regional organisations and associations related to the Way of St James: Leszek Zegzda – President of the Małopolska Tourism Organisation (Małopolska Organizacja Turystyczna); Ewa Grabińska, PhD – employee of the Małopolska Tourism Organisation; Barbara Karpała – conductor and art manager of Schola Cantorum Cracoviensis in Krakow; Regina Madej-Janiszek from the “Friends of the Way of St James in Poland” Association (Stowarzyszenie “Przyjaciele Dróg św. Jakuba w Polsce”); Lt. Col. (Res.) Eng. Ryszard Bożek, MSc (Military Ordinariate of Poland); Captain (Res.) Eng. Wiesław Czajka, MSc (Military Ordinariate of Poland); Lt. Col. (Res.) Eng. Jerzy Pawlikowski, MSc (Military Ordinariate of Poland) and Łukasz Stefaniak, PhD (Military Ordinariate of Poland).
The 800th anniversary of the pilgrimage of the Poor Man of Assisi to the tomb of St James the Apostle encouraged the Scientific and Organisational Committee of the 7th International Scientific Conference to invite scientists and researchers of Camino de Santiago to focus on the issue related to the pilgrimages of saints and blessed to Santiago de Compostela. As in the case of previous conferences, this meeting was also an opportunity to present the results of scientific research, exchange experiences and determine the ways to coordinate works related to the marking of subsequent sections of Camino de Santiago in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine. It is worth noting that in 2014 the length of marked sections of the Way of St James in Poland exceeded 5,500 km. The current year is also the record year in terms of the number of pilgrims from Poland who reached the tomb of St James in Santiago de Compostela (on foot, by bike or on horseback).
This publication which is being handed over to the Readers contains papers presented during the 7th International Scientific Conference “Saints and Blessed on the Way of St James – on the 800th Anniversary of the Pilgrimage of St Francis of Assisi to Santiago de Compostela” which was held on 6-7 September 2014 at the Higher Theological Seminary of the Krakow Archdiocese in Krakow and at the Diocesan Seminary of St James in Więcławice Stare.
The total of 32 people prepared articles for this publications. Most of them were representatives of scientific circles: Stanisław J. Adamczyk, PhD (the Holy Cross University in Kielce); doc. (Assistant Professor) Oresta Bordun (the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv); Beata Gałuszka, BA (the Jagiellonian University in Krakow); Sylwia Gołąb (the Institute of Geography of the Pedagogical University of Krakow); Professor Michaela C. Hastetter, PhD (Universität Freiburg); Jacek Marian Hołub, MA (the University of Rzeszów, the Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics in Jarosław); Cezary Jastrzębski, PhD (the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce); Agnieszka Jaworska, PhD (the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw); Rafał Koszek, BSc (the Geography Student Research Club at the Pedagogical University of Krakow); Alfred Krogmann, PhD (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa in Nitra); Bogna Matuszewska-Sulima, MSc (the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Jagiellonian University); Franciszek Mróz, PhD (the Pedagogical University of Krakow, the Podhale State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Targ); Łukasz Mróz, MSc (the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Jagiellonian University); Wojciech Mruk, PhD (the Jagiellonian University in Krakow); Arkadiusz Niedziółka, PhD (the University of Agriculture in Krakow); Marek Okoń, PhD (the Catholic University of Lublin); Kazimiera Orzechowska-Kowalska, PhD (the University of Physical Education in Krakow); Rev. Prof. Maciej Ostrowski, PhD (the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow); Adam Perchał, MSc (the Częstochowa University of Technology); Jan Rája, MSc (Ostravská Univerzita v Ostravě); Prof. Waldemar Rozynkowski, PhD (the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń); Lucia Šolcová, PhD (Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa in Nitra); Sylwia Zydek, PhD (the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Wrocław); Ewa Zys, MA (the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań). Other Authors have links to individual sections of the Way of St James or represent regional organisations and associations related to the Way of St James: Leszek Zegzda – President of the Małopolska Tourism Organisation (Małopolska Organizacja Turystyczna); Ewa Grabińska, PhD – employee of the Małopolska Tourism Organisation; Barbara Karpała – conductor and art manager of Schola Cantorum Cracoviensis in Krakow; Regina Madej-Janiszek from the “Friends of the Way of St James in Poland” Association (Stowarzyszenie “Przyjaciele Dróg św. Jakuba w Polsce”); Lt. Col. (Res.) Eng. Ryszard Bożek, MSc (Military Ordinariate of Poland); Captain (Res.) Eng. Wiesław Czajka, MSc (Military Ordinariate of Poland); Lt. Col. (Res.) Eng. Jerzy Pawlikowski, MSc (Military Ordinariate of Poland) and Łukasz Stefaniak, PhD (Military Ordinariate of Poland).
Research Interests:
The Holy Jacobean Year, celebrated in 2010 in Santiago de Compostela, has spurred on the initiative to expand both the cult of St. James throughout the Catholic Church and pilgrimage traffic to the Apostle’s tomb. According to the... more
The Holy Jacobean Year, celebrated in 2010 in Santiago de Compostela, has spurred on the initiative to expand both the cult of St. James throughout the Catholic Church and pilgrimage traffic to the Apostle’s tomb. According to the information provided by the Pilgrimage Office of the Santiago de Compostela Archbishopric in 2010, the sanctuary of St. James was the destination of pilgrimage for 272.135 men and women , traveling on foot, horseback or bicycles. This was a record number of pilgrim visits to St. James’ tomb in modern history.
A distinct development of the cult of St. James the Apostle (the elder) has been observed in Poland for several recent years. Each consecutive year generates more interest in the Way of St. James – Camino de Santiago. So far 2040 Polish worshippers were granted the so called ”Compostelka” in the Holy Jacobean Year, which constitutes 0,75% of all. This means that Poles have advanced to 10th position in the ranks of nationalities. New initiatives to animate the cult of the Apostle emerge in many of St. James’ parishes, sodalities and Jacobean fraternities as well as among St James venerators. Also more sections of the Camino de Santiago are being restored. At the moment Poland may feel proud of her marked up sections of Jacobean routes spanning over 2500km.
This publication relates to the issues that were raised at the 4th International Conference on “The impact of the Holy Jacobean Year on development of the cult and the Way of St. James”, that convened on September 3rd, 2011, in the John Paul II Assembly Hall in the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy in Cracow-Łagiewniki. The Conference was intended as a continuation of the previous three conventions that took place on September 12th, 2008 in the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (National Scientific Conference »The Ways of St James in Poland – the present status of the studies and organization«), on September 12th, 2009 in the Museum of Pilgrimage in the western city of Częstochowa (International Scientific Conference »Pilgrims on the Way of St James. The Past and the Present«), and as well as on September 11th, 2010, in the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy in Cracow-Łagiewniki along with St James’ parish in the southern village of Więcławice Stare (The Cult of St. James on the pilgrimage trails to Santiago de Compostela). The aim of the Conference was to present the findings of the study related to the development of St. James’ cult and Jacobean trails throughout the Holy St. James Year 2010.
As in the case of the previous three conferences the venue was a given opportunity to discuss the successes and new challenges, that emerge in restoration efforts of Poland’s sections of Camino de Santiago.
A distinct development of the cult of St. James the Apostle (the elder) has been observed in Poland for several recent years. Each consecutive year generates more interest in the Way of St. James – Camino de Santiago. So far 2040 Polish worshippers were granted the so called ”Compostelka” in the Holy Jacobean Year, which constitutes 0,75% of all. This means that Poles have advanced to 10th position in the ranks of nationalities. New initiatives to animate the cult of the Apostle emerge in many of St. James’ parishes, sodalities and Jacobean fraternities as well as among St James venerators. Also more sections of the Camino de Santiago are being restored. At the moment Poland may feel proud of her marked up sections of Jacobean routes spanning over 2500km.
This publication relates to the issues that were raised at the 4th International Conference on “The impact of the Holy Jacobean Year on development of the cult and the Way of St. James”, that convened on September 3rd, 2011, in the John Paul II Assembly Hall in the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy in Cracow-Łagiewniki. The Conference was intended as a continuation of the previous three conventions that took place on September 12th, 2008 in the Institute of Geography and Spatial Management at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (National Scientific Conference »The Ways of St James in Poland – the present status of the studies and organization«), on September 12th, 2009 in the Museum of Pilgrimage in the western city of Częstochowa (International Scientific Conference »Pilgrims on the Way of St James. The Past and the Present«), and as well as on September 11th, 2010, in the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy in Cracow-Łagiewniki along with St James’ parish in the southern village of Więcławice Stare (The Cult of St. James on the pilgrimage trails to Santiago de Compostela). The aim of the Conference was to present the findings of the study related to the development of St. James’ cult and Jacobean trails throughout the Holy St. James Year 2010.
As in the case of the previous three conferences the venue was a given opportunity to discuss the successes and new challenges, that emerge in restoration efforts of Poland’s sections of Camino de Santiago.
Research Interests:
This Commemorative Book contains, among other things, papers which will be delivered during the 8th International Scientific Conference “The Way of St. James in Poland – Past, Present, Future. On the 10th Anniversary of Opening the First... more
This Commemorative Book contains, among other things, papers which will be delivered during the 8th International Scientific Conference “The Way of St. James in Poland – Past, Present, Future. On the 10th Anniversary of Opening the First Polish Section of Camino De Santiago” which is to be held on 5-6 September in Krakow and in Więcławice Stare.
Research Interests:
The contemporary huge development of Camino de Santiago and constantly increasing popularity of pilgrimages and hiking along the most beautiful road in the world originated in the 1980s. Lots of religious, cultural, political and economic... more
The contemporary huge development of Camino de Santiago and constantly increasing popularity of pilgrimages and hiking along the most beautiful road in the world originated in the 1980s. Lots of religious, cultural, political and economic events and activities had an impact on that. The first important impulse for the rebirth of the pilgrimage route to the tomb of St. James the Apostle came from Saint John Paul II. On 9 November 1982, St. John Paul II delivered his famous speech, commonly referred to as the “European act,” at the Cathedral in Compostela. Five years later, the Council of Europe deemed the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela the first European Cultural Route and encouraged regional authorities to recreate old pilgrimage routes. Subsequent religious (4th World Youth Day in Santiago de Compostela in 1989) and cultural events, like designation of the Way of St. James in Spain (1993) and France (1998), and northern sections in Spain (2015) as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, strengthened the unique importance of Camino de Santiago. At present, the network of Routes of St. James covers a larger part of the European continent. The number of marked sections of the Way of St. James increases each year and new initiatives related to the development of the cult of St. James are created in the space of individual European countries. During the recent decade, Poland has joined a group of Camino leaders. It has witnessed the marking of more than 6,300 km of Camino de Santiago sections. On the 30th anniversary of the award of the first European Cultural Route title to the Way of St. James by the Council of Europe Poland was already officially taking steps to incorporate Camino de Santiago sections into the European network of pilgrimage routes; this is a reason to be proud. Important events in this respect included Poland joining the Extended Partial Agreement concerning cultural routes of the Council of Europe and the meeting in Toruń (28-29 March 2017) of the European Federation of the Way of St. James. The Federation supervises Camino de Santiago as a European Cultural Route on behalf of the Council of Europe and is authorised to expand the European network of Ways of St. James with sections which can be found in subsequent countries. It is worth emphasising that the Local Government of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship was first to report accession of Poland to the Federation in 2016.
The 30th anniversary of the granting of the title of the first European Cultural Route by the Council of Europe encouraged Polish scientific circles associated at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow and the Pedagogical University of Krakow to organise the 10th International Scientific Conference “Religious and Cultural Heritage of the Way of St. James – the 30th Anniversary of the Designation of the First European Cultural Route”. The conference was held on 7 October 2017 at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow. The objective was to draw attention to the spiritual and cultural potential of the European title being granted to the Route in a specific situation in history. The decision on granting the “cultural route” status to Camino de Santiago made 30 years ago meant not only historical appreciation of the merits of the Way of St. James for the identity of Europe as a continent but also discovered connections of the roads to Compostela with the nations of the old continent. The nomination from the Council of Europe was based on the assumption that Camino still plays a culture-creating role and that it may offer a new impulse for development to divided Europe which is experiencing a migration crisis and is seeking to define the directions of its development. The future is not shaped by escape from the past but by its creative continuation.
The title of the “cultural route” is definitely challenging for the Way of St. James as Camino is often presented as an example of harmonious combination of faith and culture. The title of the European Cultural Route is not about promoting a new product but about showing the Way of St. James as a carrier of values of key importance to the future of Europe. One should walk this way both in physical and spiritual sense, which means that one should live by the values that are brought to the lives of pilgrims on Camino. Therefore, Camino should not be reduced to one of many “cultural routes” only but it should be viewed as an opportunity to regain what has been lost, to restore the memory of forgotten heritage which is hidden deep near the foundations of the European project. There is no Europe without Camino de Santiago, as the route focuses (like a lens) all that defines the soul of Europeans: the conviction that it is a good idea to concentrate on what is most important to identity, based on the Christian view of the world and human life. Europe is memory.
This publication includes, for example, papers delivered during the 10th International Scientific Conference “Religious and Cultural Heritage of the Way of St. James – the 30th Anniversary of the Designation of the First European Cultural Route.”
The 30th anniversary of the granting of the title of the first European Cultural Route by the Council of Europe encouraged Polish scientific circles associated at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow and the Pedagogical University of Krakow to organise the 10th International Scientific Conference “Religious and Cultural Heritage of the Way of St. James – the 30th Anniversary of the Designation of the First European Cultural Route”. The conference was held on 7 October 2017 at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow. The objective was to draw attention to the spiritual and cultural potential of the European title being granted to the Route in a specific situation in history. The decision on granting the “cultural route” status to Camino de Santiago made 30 years ago meant not only historical appreciation of the merits of the Way of St. James for the identity of Europe as a continent but also discovered connections of the roads to Compostela with the nations of the old continent. The nomination from the Council of Europe was based on the assumption that Camino still plays a culture-creating role and that it may offer a new impulse for development to divided Europe which is experiencing a migration crisis and is seeking to define the directions of its development. The future is not shaped by escape from the past but by its creative continuation.
The title of the “cultural route” is definitely challenging for the Way of St. James as Camino is often presented as an example of harmonious combination of faith and culture. The title of the European Cultural Route is not about promoting a new product but about showing the Way of St. James as a carrier of values of key importance to the future of Europe. One should walk this way both in physical and spiritual sense, which means that one should live by the values that are brought to the lives of pilgrims on Camino. Therefore, Camino should not be reduced to one of many “cultural routes” only but it should be viewed as an opportunity to regain what has been lost, to restore the memory of forgotten heritage which is hidden deep near the foundations of the European project. There is no Europe without Camino de Santiago, as the route focuses (like a lens) all that defines the soul of Europeans: the conviction that it is a good idea to concentrate on what is most important to identity, based on the Christian view of the world and human life. Europe is memory.
This publication includes, for example, papers delivered during the 10th International Scientific Conference “Religious and Cultural Heritage of the Way of St. James – the 30th Anniversary of the Designation of the First European Cultural Route.”
Research Interests:
The last year was full of events which should contribute in the years to come to the further development of the cult of St. James and the Way of St. James both in Poland and in Europe. In August 2015, an official ceremony of connecting... more
The last year was full of events which should contribute in the years to come to the further development of the cult of St. James and the Way of St. James both in Poland and in Europe. In August 2015, an official ceremony of connecting the Slovakian section of Camino de Santiago (Spiš Way of St. James) with the Polish section of the Way of St. James – Beskid Way of St. James was held on the Borderline of Poland and Slovakia, in Litmanowa, on the peak of Eliaszówka and in Piwniczna. Several weeks later (on 10–11 October 2015), the Lviv Way of St. James Via Regia was connected with the Sub-Carpathian section of the Way of St. James Via Regia. On 8 December 2015, the inauguration of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy was officially celebrated in the Vatican. Following a mass at St. Peter's Square, Pope Francis opened the Holy Door of Saint Peter's Basilica. As decided by Pope Francis, on the following days, approximately ten thousand Holy Doors were opened all around the world in all dioceses of the Catholic Church. Holy Door, or the Door of Mercy, is where the faithful can be granted plenary indulgence throughout the Year of Mercy (8 December 2015 – 20 November 2016). The Doors of Mercy were opened in all Catholic cathedrals and in hundreds of shrines and churches along the pilgrimage route to the tomb of St. James in Santiago de Compostela.
Also the session of the First James's Parliament held on 2 April 2016 in Wrocław was important for the Polish circles. It was a congregation of several dozen representatives of brotherhoods of St. James, organisations and associations of Camino de Santiago friends in Poland, scientific institutions and clergymen who usually serve pilgrims in shrines of St. James (Jakubów, Lębork, Szczyrk, Więcławice Stare). The session was an opportunity for articulating the major challenges faced by Ways of St. James in Poland, with the care for the spiritual identity of Camino de Santiago and intensification of activities that encourage young people to go on pilgrimages as some of the most important ones.
The publication which is being handed over to the Readers contains papers presented during the 9th International Scientific Conference “Camino de Santiago and the Tomb of St. James: History and Interpretation”, which was held on 10-11 September 2016 at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow and at the Diocesan Sanctuary of St. James in Więcławice Stare.
The total of 15 people prepared articles for this publications. Most of them are representatives of scientific circles: Stanisław J. Adamczyk, PhD (the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce); Rafał Bielecki, MA (the Pedagogical University of Krakow), doc. (Assistant Professor) Oresta Bordun (the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv), Rev. Dariusz Doburzyński (the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń), Jacek Marian Hołub, MA (the University of Rzeszów), Rafał Koszek, PhD (the Pedagogical University of Krakow), Franciszek Mróz, PhD (the Pedagogical University of Krakow, Archicofradía Universal del Apóstol Santiago), Wojciech Mruk, PhD (the Jagiellonian University in Krakow), Professor Waldemar Rozynkowski, PhD (the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń) and Kajetan Suchecki, MA (Krakow University of Economics). Other Authors have links to individual sections of the Way of St. James or represent regional organisations and associations related to the Way of St. James: Waldemar Hass, PhD (Archaeological and Historical Museum in Głogów and the Brotherhood of St. James in Więcławice Stare), Agnieszka Jaworska, PhD (Idź Dalej Foundation, Archicofradía Universal del Apóstol Santiago), Barbara Karpała – conductor and art manager of Schola Cantorum Cracoviensis in Krakow), reserve captain, Eng. Wiesław Czajka, MSc (Confraternity of St. James the Greater the Apostle with the Field Cathedral of the Polish Army) and Łukasz Stefaniak, PhD (Confraternity of St. James the Greater the Apostle with the Field Cathedral of the Polish Army).
Also the session of the First James's Parliament held on 2 April 2016 in Wrocław was important for the Polish circles. It was a congregation of several dozen representatives of brotherhoods of St. James, organisations and associations of Camino de Santiago friends in Poland, scientific institutions and clergymen who usually serve pilgrims in shrines of St. James (Jakubów, Lębork, Szczyrk, Więcławice Stare). The session was an opportunity for articulating the major challenges faced by Ways of St. James in Poland, with the care for the spiritual identity of Camino de Santiago and intensification of activities that encourage young people to go on pilgrimages as some of the most important ones.
The publication which is being handed over to the Readers contains papers presented during the 9th International Scientific Conference “Camino de Santiago and the Tomb of St. James: History and Interpretation”, which was held on 10-11 September 2016 at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow and at the Diocesan Sanctuary of St. James in Więcławice Stare.
The total of 15 people prepared articles for this publications. Most of them are representatives of scientific circles: Stanisław J. Adamczyk, PhD (the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce); Rafał Bielecki, MA (the Pedagogical University of Krakow), doc. (Assistant Professor) Oresta Bordun (the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv), Rev. Dariusz Doburzyński (the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń), Jacek Marian Hołub, MA (the University of Rzeszów), Rafał Koszek, PhD (the Pedagogical University of Krakow), Franciszek Mróz, PhD (the Pedagogical University of Krakow, Archicofradía Universal del Apóstol Santiago), Wojciech Mruk, PhD (the Jagiellonian University in Krakow), Professor Waldemar Rozynkowski, PhD (the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń) and Kajetan Suchecki, MA (Krakow University of Economics). Other Authors have links to individual sections of the Way of St. James or represent regional organisations and associations related to the Way of St. James: Waldemar Hass, PhD (Archaeological and Historical Museum in Głogów and the Brotherhood of St. James in Więcławice Stare), Agnieszka Jaworska, PhD (Idź Dalej Foundation, Archicofradía Universal del Apóstol Santiago), Barbara Karpała – conductor and art manager of Schola Cantorum Cracoviensis in Krakow), reserve captain, Eng. Wiesław Czajka, MSc (Confraternity of St. James the Greater the Apostle with the Field Cathedral of the Polish Army) and Łukasz Stefaniak, PhD (Confraternity of St. James the Greater the Apostle with the Field Cathedral of the Polish Army).
Research Interests:
The Way od St. James is one of the most important Christian pilgrimage routes. It is almost one thousand years old, runs practically all over Europe, and leads to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Johan Wolfgang von Goethe wrote... more
The Way od St. James is one of the most important Christian pilgrimage routes. It is almost one thousand years old, runs practically all over Europe, and leads to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Johan Wolfgang von Goethe wrote that Europe had established itself along the routes leading to Santiago de Compostela. The significance of pilgrimage routes considerably decreased in the 16th and 17th centuries with a wave of religious wars, plagues and natural disasters. In the next centuries the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars made it difficult to pilgrimage. The Way of St. James was gradually forgotten. It was an appeal made by His Holiness John Paul II during his 1982 visit to Santiago that enlivened the pilgrimages to St. James’ grave. The Polish Pope’s speech, called the European Act, played an enormous role in the renaissance of the pilgrimage movement to the grave of St. James.
In 1987 the Council of Europe declared the Way of St. James to be the first European Cultural Route and encouraged local authorities to reconstruct the ancient pilgrimage routes. Shortly afterwards, first pilgrims from Spain and France set off on their journey to the grave of St. James. In 1993 the pilgrimage route to Santiago in Spain and in 1998 the same route in France were named one of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
In recent years, over one hundred thousand people annually have pilgrimaged on foot to Santiago de Compostela. Each year, the number of pilgrims increases. They set off on their pilgrimage to Santiago on the threshold of their homes and continue over a few thousand kilometres. Despite cultural and religious differences and the language barrier, pilgrims manage to make great friends with each other. A smile, good-hearted words, kindness, mutual assistance and praying together while dealing with another stage of the difficult route turn these people into one pilgrimaging community. The persons who finished the Camino de Santiago emphasise that the Way teaches humility and patience, one returns a better person from the Camino, and in Santiago “the old man dies and new man is born”.
Since 2004, the words of His Holiness John Paul II about the routes that “since the Middle Ages have led to Santiago de Compostela” have become an inspiration for a wide group of clergy, laymen and various organisations to reconstruct the Way of St. James in different regions of Poland. During the last 5 years, thanks to involvement of many people, over 1800 kilometres of the Camino de Santiago have been marked. One can also be glad to learn that each year there are more and more projects aimed at reactivating the historic routes of the Way of St. James in different localities in Poland. We can already say that today Poland is beginning to play an important role in the pilgrimage movement to the grave of St. James.
Taking into consideration the growing number of projects carried out on a local or regional level to recreate the ancient routes of the Way of St. James in Poland, a proposition has been put forward to present the projects on a national forum. On 12 September 2008, in the Institute of Geography and Spacial Economy at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, a national scientific conference was held called “The Way of St. James – organisation and current status of research”. The conference became of great interest to both scientists and activists from regional organisations. The post-conference publication is the first attempt in our literature to look at the issue of the Way of St. James in Poland both from the scientific point of view and with respect to the method of forming a network of the routes.
One of the final conclusions presented by the conference participants was that various research centres should start cooperation with respect to scientific research into the Way of st. James routes located especially in Poland. Another conclusion was the initiative to hold another scientific conference dedicated entirely to the issues of the Way of St. James pilgrimage.
The “Pilgrims on the Way of St. James. The Past and the Present” International Scientific Conference held on 12 September 2009 in the Częstochowa Pilgrimage Museum was attended by scientists representing 12 scientific and educational centres from Poland and members of the Confraternity of Saint James from London, Jakubów, Szczyrk and Więcławice Stare.
In 1987 the Council of Europe declared the Way of St. James to be the first European Cultural Route and encouraged local authorities to reconstruct the ancient pilgrimage routes. Shortly afterwards, first pilgrims from Spain and France set off on their journey to the grave of St. James. In 1993 the pilgrimage route to Santiago in Spain and in 1998 the same route in France were named one of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
In recent years, over one hundred thousand people annually have pilgrimaged on foot to Santiago de Compostela. Each year, the number of pilgrims increases. They set off on their pilgrimage to Santiago on the threshold of their homes and continue over a few thousand kilometres. Despite cultural and religious differences and the language barrier, pilgrims manage to make great friends with each other. A smile, good-hearted words, kindness, mutual assistance and praying together while dealing with another stage of the difficult route turn these people into one pilgrimaging community. The persons who finished the Camino de Santiago emphasise that the Way teaches humility and patience, one returns a better person from the Camino, and in Santiago “the old man dies and new man is born”.
Since 2004, the words of His Holiness John Paul II about the routes that “since the Middle Ages have led to Santiago de Compostela” have become an inspiration for a wide group of clergy, laymen and various organisations to reconstruct the Way of St. James in different regions of Poland. During the last 5 years, thanks to involvement of many people, over 1800 kilometres of the Camino de Santiago have been marked. One can also be glad to learn that each year there are more and more projects aimed at reactivating the historic routes of the Way of St. James in different localities in Poland. We can already say that today Poland is beginning to play an important role in the pilgrimage movement to the grave of St. James.
Taking into consideration the growing number of projects carried out on a local or regional level to recreate the ancient routes of the Way of St. James in Poland, a proposition has been put forward to present the projects on a national forum. On 12 September 2008, in the Institute of Geography and Spacial Economy at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, a national scientific conference was held called “The Way of St. James – organisation and current status of research”. The conference became of great interest to both scientists and activists from regional organisations. The post-conference publication is the first attempt in our literature to look at the issue of the Way of St. James in Poland both from the scientific point of view and with respect to the method of forming a network of the routes.
One of the final conclusions presented by the conference participants was that various research centres should start cooperation with respect to scientific research into the Way of st. James routes located especially in Poland. Another conclusion was the initiative to hold another scientific conference dedicated entirely to the issues of the Way of St. James pilgrimage.
The “Pilgrims on the Way of St. James. The Past and the Present” International Scientific Conference held on 12 September 2009 in the Częstochowa Pilgrimage Museum was attended by scientists representing 12 scientific and educational centres from Poland and members of the Confraternity of Saint James from London, Jakubów, Szczyrk and Więcławice Stare.
Research Interests:
The Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy announced by Pope Francis lasted in the Catholic Church from 8 December 2015 to 20 November 2016. In accordance with the Holy Father's decision, approximately 10 thousand Holy Doors – Doors of Mercy were... more
The Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy announced by Pope Francis lasted in the Catholic Church from 8 December 2015 to 20 November 2016. In accordance with the Holy Father's decision, approximately 10 thousand Holy Doors – Doors of Mercy were opened in all Catholic Church dioceses during the Jubilee Year. In these doors, the faithful could obtain complete indulgence. In Poland, a total of 669 churches or chapels were pronounced Churches of the Jubilee Year of Mercy by local ordinaries. Doors of Mercy were opened in those churches. These churches included all cathedrals of the La-tin Catholic Church (42 cathedrals) and two cathedrals of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and: 319 shrines, 90 parish churches or filial churches of Divine Mercy, 23 churches of the Most Sacred Heart of Lord Jesus, 10 churches of St. Faustina Kowalska, 10 hospital chapels, 4 prison chapels, two convent chapels, one chapel at the Hospice Home, one chapel of the Border Guards and one chapel at the shelter for the homeless. This paper is aimed at quantitative presentation of the Doors of Mercy of the Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy in Poland, the analysis of spatial arrangement of Doors of Mercy in the sacred space of Poland, and the grouping of Doors of Mercy with regard to pilgrimage centres in Poland, considering the spatial range of impact, patronage and rank of shrines. The presentation of research results mainly makes use of a dynamic and comparison method, cartographic presentation methods (thematic map and choropleth map), and statistical methods.